Radio New Zealand National. 2015-06-04. 00:00-23:59.

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Year
2015
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274351
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Rights Information
Year
2015
Reference
274351
Media type
Audio
Item unavailable online
Series
Radio New Zealand National. 2015--. 00:00-23:59.
Duration
24:00:00
Credits
RNZ Collection
Radio New Zealand National, Broadcaster

A 24-hour recording of Radio New Zealand National. The following rundown is sourced from the broadcaster’s website. Note some overseas/copyright restricted items may not appear in the supplied rundown:

04 June 2015

===12:04 AM. | All Night Programme===
=DESCRIPTION=

Including: 12:05 Music after Midnight; 12:30 One in Five (RNZ); 1:05 Discovery (BBC); 2:05 The Thursday Feature (RNZ); 3:05 Between the Lines, written and read by Elisabeth Easther (3 of 5, RNZ); 3:30 NZ Books (RNZ); 5:10 Witness (BBC); 5:45 The Day in Parliament (RNZ)

===6:00 AM. | Morning Report===
=DESCRIPTION=

Radio New Zealand's three-hour breakfast news show with news and interviews, bulletins on the hour and half-hour

=AUDIO=

06:00
Top Stories for Thursday 4 June 2015
BODY:
Two month's rain in a day - the clean up is about to begin in Dunedin. Charter schools release their first annual reports - and the results are good and the Fifa fallout continues as World Cup hosts rush to reject accusations they've been corrupt.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 31'52"

06:06
Sports News for 4 June 2015
BODY:
An update from the team at RNZ Sport.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 1'47"

06:19
Pacific News for 4 June 2015
BODY:
The latest from the Pacific region.
Topics: Pacific
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 2'55"

06:22
Morning Rural News for 4 June 2015
BODY:
News from the rural and farming sector.
Topics: rural, farming
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 4'02"

06:26
Te Manu Korihi News for 4 June 2015
BODY:
The number of New Zealanders recognised for their services to Māori is climbing higher than ever; An Auckland law lecturer says international human rights frameworks could be used to boost the bargaining power of iwi negotiating with companies extracting raw materials; Māori and Pasifika high school students are on average achieving slightly below their Pākehā and Asian classmates in maths and health and physical education; There has been a call for more young Māori to get into farming careers.
Topics: te ao Maori
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 3'10"

06:39
Rain soaked Dunedin residents plan their days
BODY:
Dunedin was swamped by about two month's worth of rain in a day, yesterday.
Topics: weather
Regions: Otago
Tags: rain, Dunedin
Duration: 3'27"

06:42
Prime Minister's warning dismissed as desperate political bluff
BODY:
The Prime Minister's warning to opposition parties that the Saudi flying sheep saga is about to blow up in their faces is being dismissed as a desperate political bluff.
Topics: politics
Regions:
Tags: Saudi flying sheep saga
Duration: 3'13"

06:48
Vector says there's interest in its gas assets: assessing value
BODY:
Vector's shares have risen 2-and-a-half percent after the energy and telecommunications network company signalled it may consider selling part of its gas transportation business.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: Vector
Duration: 1'30"

06:49
Conservative forecast means price rises not a lot - economist
BODY:
An economist says Fonterra's conservative forecast payout to farmers means dairy prices won't have to rapidly rise to meet that target, despite auction prices declining for the sixth successive time.
Topics: business, economy
Regions:
Tags: dairy prices
Duration: 2'28"

06:53
UDC Finance says second half builds on record first half growth
BODY:
UDC Finance says its second half of the year is off to a strong start, building on a record high first half earnings result.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: UDC Finance
Duration: 1'35"

06:55
Average asking price for houses in Auckland flattens out
BODY:
Realestate dot co dot nz says more Aucklanders are considering moving to other parts of the country, while Asian interest in propery appears to have waned.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: real estate
Duration: 1'50"

06:57
Spark to launch home security service
BODY:
The phone and broadband retailer, Spark, says its new home security service will fill a gap in the market.
Topics: business
Regions:
Tags: Spark
Duration: 1'23"

06:58
Morning markets for 4 June 2015
BODY:
On Wall St, stocks have risen due to optimism that Greece is close to an agreement to avoid a default and as strong domestic data suggested an rebound in the US economy.
Topics: business, economy
Regions:
Tags: markets
Duration: 1'01"

07:07
Sports News for 4 June 2015
BODY:
An update from the team at RNZ Sport.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 1'22"

07:11
Public health officials to visit South Dunedin's flooded areas
BODY:
Public health officials will visit flooded streets in South Dunedin today to check for water contamination after the city was swamped yesterday by two month's rain in a day.
Topics: weather
Regions: Otago
Tags: rain, Dunedin
Duration: 3'21"

07:14
Morning update from Dunedin Civil Defence after deluge.
BODY:
Dunedin City Council's civil defence manager Neil Brown is with us,
Topics: weather
Regions: Otago
Tags: rain, Dunedin
Duration: 5'46"

07:21
First charter school annual reports published
BODY:
NCEA pass rates of 100 percent and surpluses as high as half a million dollars are detailed in the first ever charter school annual reports and financial accounts.
Topics: education, politics
Regions:
Tags: charter schools
Duration: 3'13"

07:24
Labour review restates earlier criticisms - Mike Williams
BODY:
Leadership tensions, disunity, a lack of money and a failure to communicate all contributed to Labour's worst election result in 92 years, according to a review of the party's 2014 campaign.
Topics: politics
Regions:
Tags: Labour, review
Duration: 4'45"

07:29
FIFA scandal: Worldwide implications following resignation
BODY:
The ramifications of the resignation of Sepp Blatter yesterday are spreading around the world with national football bodies rushing to deny any involvement in corrupt activities linked to FIFA.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags: FIFA
Duration: 5'04"

07:38
New health and safety law had been watered down
BODY:
New health and safety legislation had already been watered down before Government MPs revolted last week and demanded further changes.
Topics: law, politics
Regions:
Tags: health and safety legislation
Duration: 5'42"

07:44
Auckland househunters now looking further afield
BODY:
Watch out -- the Aucklanders are coming. After month upon month of property price increases in the country's largest city, new figures show that Aucklanders on the hunt for a house are now looking further afield.
Topics: housing
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags:
Duration: 3'21"

07:54
Doctors told to stop prescribing homeopathic products.
BODY:
Australian doctors are being told not to prescibe homeopathic remedies and pharmacists are being asked to strip the products from their shelves.
Topics: health
Regions:
Tags: homeopathy
Duration: 3'55"

07:57
BBC reporter mistakenly tweets Queen's death
BODY:
A BBC reporter mistakenly tweeted the Queen had died last night.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: BBC, tweet, Queen
Duration: 2'02"

08:07
Sports News for 4 June 2015
BODY:
An update from the team at RNZ Sport.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 1'57"

08:11
Primary, intermediate schools closed in Dunedin today
BODY:
All primary and intermediate schools are closed in Dunedin today as the extent of the damage caused by the flooding becomes apparent.
Topics: weather
Regions: Otago
Tags: rain, Dunedin
Duration: 3'58"

08:11
Dunedin Mayor updates situation after deluge
BODY:
The Mayor of Dunedin is Dave Cull.
Topics: weather
Regions: Otago
Tags: rain, Dunedin
Duration: 2'16"

08:18
Foreign doctors coming, going... and now staying
BODY:
They may like the lifestyle, but they haven't been sticking around to enjoy it.
Topics: health
Regions:
Tags: doctors
Duration: 3'34"

08:22
Closure of last bank in Ruatoria looms
BODY:
People living in Ruatoria on the North Island's east coast say the looming closure of the town's only bank will leave them with a 120-kilometre drive to the closest branch.
Topics: business
Regions: East Coast
Tags: Westpac
Duration: 3'02"

08:25
Sepp Blatter receives standing ovation
BODY:
In Switzerland resigning Fifa President, Sepp Blatter has received a standing ovation from staff at the football body's headquarters.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags: FIFA
Duration: 2'33"

08:28
Former NZ Football bosses call for scrutiny
BODY:
Here former New Zealand Football bosses are calling for the sport to be scrutinised right down to the grass roots after the shock resignation of Fifa president Sepp Blatter.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags: soccer, football
Duration: 4'07"

08:32
Markets Update for 4 June 2015
BODY:
A brief update of movements in the financial sector.
Topics: business, economy
Regions:
Tags: markets
Duration: 58"

08:37
Charter school model working well at Vanguard Military School
BODY:
As we have reported this morning the first ever charter school annual reports and financial accounts are out and they are revealing high NCEA pass rates and strong financial results.
Topics: education
Regions:
Tags: charter schools
Duration: 3'45"

08:42
Government accused of slipping and sliding around treaty law
BODY:
The Government's being accused of slipping and sliding around the law as it tries to explain its way out of a treaty dispute.
Topics: housing, te ao Maori
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: treaty claims
Duration: 3'25"

08:44
Auckland iwi collective want more detail on land sale plan
BODY:
Lawyer Paul Majurey is the chair of the Tamaki Makaurau Collective of iwi which includes Ngati Whatua.
Topics: housing
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: treaty claims
Duration: 3'38"

08:50
Te Manu Korihi News for 4 June 2015
BODY:
The number of New Zealanders recognised for their services to Māori is climbing higher than ever; An Auckland law lecturer says international human rights frameworks could be used to boost the bargaining power of iwi negotiating with companies extracting raw materials; Māori and Pasifika high school students are on average achieving slightly below their Pākehā and Asian classmates in maths and health and physical education; There has been a call for more young Māori to get into farming careers.
Topics: te ao Maori
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 3'30"

08:56
Taranaki embraces all things Brazilian
BODY:
Taranaki -- the home of our national provincial rugby champions -- has been embracing all things Brazil this week as the Fifa Under 20 World Cup Football tournament rolls through town.
Topics: sport
Regions: Taranaki
Tags: rugby
Duration: 3'49"

=SHOW NOTES=

===9:06 AM. | Nine To Noon===
=DESCRIPTION=

Current affairs and topics of interest, including: 10:45 The Reading: Reverse Living, by Catherine Chidgey, read by Miranda Manasiadis (1 of 2, RNZ)

=AUDIO=

09:08
Maths teaching in NZ: has the numeracy project failed?
BODY:
A new report being launched by the Education Minister today has criticised the way maths is taught to primary students, saying there is a lack of emphasis on the basics which is holding children back. The report, written by researcher Rose Patterson, for the thinktank The New Zealand Initiative, says since the Numeracy Project was launched 15 years ago, maths performance has declined.
EXTENDED BODY:

A new report being launched by the Education Minister today has criticised the way maths is taught to primary students, saying there is a lack of emphasis on the basics which is holding children back.
The report, written by researcher Rose Patterson, for the business thinktank The New Zealand Initiative, says since the Numeracy Project was launched 15 years ago, maths performance has declined.
Related Stories

Is New Zealand's strategy for teaching maths failing? Glenda Anthony, Co-Director of the Centre of Excellence for Research in Mathematics Education at Massey University.

Topics: education
Regions:
Tags: maths, mathematics
Duration: 15'34"

09:23
Is New Zealand's strategy for teaching maths failing?
BODY:
Glenda Anthony, Co-Director of the Centre of Excellence for Research in Mathematics Education at Massey University.
Topics: education
Regions:
Tags: maths
Duration: 11'50"

09:36
Historic churches at risk
BODY:
Churches around the country are shutting their doors as congregations and funds dwindle, and ageing buildings need seismic strengthening. St David's Presbyterian church in Khyber Pass, Auckland, closed last December, and faces possible demolition. Founder of the Friends of St David's Trust www.saintdavidsfriends.org.nz , Paul Baragwanath and the Chief Executive of Heritage New Zealand Bruce Chapman discuss the plight of many churches and the innovative ways some communities are going about saving them.
EXTENDED BODY:
Churches around the country are shutting their doors as congregations and funds dwindle, and ageing buildings need seismic strengthening.
St David's Presbyterian church in Khyber Pass, Auckland, closed last December, and faces possible demolition.
Founder of the Friends of St David's Trust, Paul Baragwanath and the Chief Executive of Heritage New Zealand Bruce Chapman talk to Kathryn Ryan about the plight of many churches and the innovative ways some communities are going about saving them. www.RememberThem.nz
Topics: history, environment
Regions:
Tags: churches
Duration: 5'32"

09:51
UK correspondent Kate Adie
BODY:
Could the next president of FIFA could be a Brit?
Topics: politics, sport
Regions:
Tags: United Kingdom, UK
Duration: 8'14"

10:05
Rembrandt Remastered
BODY:
Head of Art History at the University of Auckland and International authority on 17th century portraiture, Dr Erin Griffey is the curator of a New Zealand tour of 50 digitally re-mastered, life size versions of Rembrandt's most famous works. Rembrandt Remastered is on at the Academy of Fine Arts in Wellington
EXTENDED BODY:
The 17th century Dutch painter Rembrandt is believed to have painted 330 works. They are spread across 18 countries. However 52 of them are not accessible, as they are either held in private collections, were stolen or are missing.
The long running Rembrandt Research Project in the Netherlands has tracked down and photographed all of those works, which have then been digitally remastered to their original state and size.
Fifty-seven of the digital reproductions are now in New Zealand, including The Storm on the Sea of Galilee which was stolen in 1990 from Boston's Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, in what was the biggest art theft in US history. It has never been recovered.
The exhibition which opens on Friday 5th June 2015 at the Academy of Fine Arts in Wellington, will also feature arguably his most famous work, The Night Watch.
The original painting on display in Amsterdam is four metres wide and 3 metres high, but the remastered version has added a side that was cut off when it was first painted so it could fit on a wall.
The curator of the New Zealand tour, Erin Griffey, the head of art history at Auckland University is an international expert on seventeenth-century portraiture and the work of the Dutch masters.
She says getting the original works to New Zealand would be impossible as many of the galleries will not loan them out. But these pictures are more than just photographic reproductions. "The latest most sophisticated technology was used. They are very high quality resolution images which get the colours exactly as they were".
Erin Griffey spoke with Kathryn Ryan on Nine to Noon.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 22'59"

10:09
New technology commentator Sarah Putt
BODY:
Updating rural broadband and encouraging young people to take up careers in ICT.
Topics: technology
Regions:
Tags: rural broadband
Duration: 12'06"

10:41
Book review: 'Early Warning' by Jane Smiley
BODY:
Published by Macmillan, reviewed by John King.
Topics: books
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 4'05"

11:24
Resisting pester power - saying no to children
BODY:
Saying no to persistent children is a tough job for many parents. Clinical and health psychologist Sarb Johal, and Associate Professor at Massey University has tips.
EXTENDED BODY:

Saying no to persistent children is a tough job for many parents.
Clinical and health psychologist Sarb Johal, and Associate Professor at Massey University has tips.
Topics: education, life and society
Regions:
Tags: parenting
Duration: 24'29"

11:48
Film reviewer Dan Slevin
BODY:
Tomorrowland (directed by Brad Bird) and Gemma Bovary (directed by Anne Fontaine).
Topics: arts
Regions:
Tags: film
Duration: 10'26"

=SHOW NOTES=

09:05 Maths teaching in NZ: has the numeracy project failed?
A new report being launched by the Education Minister today has criticised the way maths is taught to primary students, saying there is a lack of emphasis on the basics which is holding children back.
The report, written by researcher Rose Patterson, for the think tank The New Zealand Initiative, says since the Numeracy Project was launched 15 years ago, maths performance has declined.
09:15 Is New Zealand's strategy for teaching maths failing? What changes are needed?
Glenda Anthony, Co-Director of the Centre of Excellence for Research in Mathematics Education at Massey University.
09:30 Historic churches at risk
Churches around the country are shutting their doors as congregations and funds dwindle, and ageing buildings need seismic strengthening. St David's Presbyterian church in Khyber Pass, Auckland, closed last December, and faces possible demolition. Founder of the Friends of St David's Trust, Paul Baragwanath and the Chief Executive of Heritage New Zealand Bruce Chapman discuss the plight of many churches and the innovative ways some communities are going about saving them. www.RememberThem.nz
Gallery: Saving churches
09:45 UK correspondent Kate Adie
Kate Adie reports on how the winner of Britain's Got Talent used a stunt double in the show's final, in a cheating scandal that's sparked a public backlash.
10:05 Erin Griffey: Curator of Rembrandt Remastered NZ Tour
Head of Art History at the University of Auckland and International authority on 17th century portraiture, Dr Erin Griffey is the curator of a New Zealand tour of 50 digitally re-mastered, life size versions of Rembrandt's most famous works. Rembrandt Remastered is on at the Academy of Fine Arts in Wellington
Gallery: Rembrandt Remastered

[gallery:1177]

10:35 Book review: 'Early Warning' by Jane Smiley
Published by Macmillan, RRP$34.99. Reviewed by John King.
10:45 The Reading: 'Reverse Living' by Catherine Chidgey
Read by Miranda Manasiadis. Livvy has isolated herself among the hubbub of online cultures in the new home she and Michael built, an example of 'reverse living'. (1 of 2, RNZ)
11:05 New technology commentator Sarah Putt
Updating rural broadband and encouraging young people to take up careers in ICT.
11:25 Resisting pester power - saying no to children
Saying no to persistent children is a tough job for many parents. Clinical and health psychologist Sarb Johal, and Associate Professor at Massey University has tips.
11:45 Film reviewer Dan Slevin
Dan Slevin reviews Tomorrowland (directed by Brad Bird) and Gemma Bovary (directed by Anne Fontaine).

===Noon | Midday Report===
=DESCRIPTION=

Radio New Zealand news, followed by updates and reports until 1.00pm, including: 12:16 Business News 12:26 Sport 12:34 Rural News 12:43 Worldwatch

=AUDIO=

12:00
Midday News for 4 June 2015
BODY:
A Housing New Zealand home may have contributed to the death of a toddler and flooding in South Dunedin is described as a major disaster.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: Housing New Zealand, Dunedin
Duration: 14'52"

12:16
Strong same-store-sales at KFC drive growth
BODY:
Restaurant Brands says its fast food sales have jumped, mainly thanks to more people eating at KFC.
Topics: business, economy
Regions:
Tags: Restaurant Brands, KFC
Duration: 1'37"

12:17
Shares in BurgerFuel jump on US news
BODY:
Shares in the fast-food chain, BurgerFuel, have jumped 22 percent after saying it's working with an American firm, OhCal Foods, to get its burgers into the United States.
Topics: business, economy
Regions:
Tags: BurgerFuel, OhCal Foods
Duration: 34"

12:18
Building activity jumps
BODY:
Construction activity has risen, led by the South Island.
Topics: business, economy
Regions:
Tags: construction
Duration: 1'23"

12:19
Auckland house prices continue to rise
BODY:
Auckland's largest real estate agent says prices have continued to rise, and buyers expect that trend to continue.
Topics: business, economy
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: house prices, Barfoot and Thompson
Duration: 1'00"

12:23
Midday Markets for 4 June 2015
BODY:
The latest from the markets with James Malden at Macquarie Private Wealth.
Topics: business, economy
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 2'24"

12:26
Business Briefs
BODY:
Blis Technologies says its laboratory in Dunedin has been water damaged due to flooding in the city.
Topics: business, economy
Regions: Otago
Tags: Blis Technologies, floods
Duration: 24"

12:26
Midday Sports News for 4 June 2015
BODY:
Rafael Nadal's five-year reign at the French Tennis Open ends.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags: Rafael Nadal
Duration: 2'32"

12:35
Midday Rural News for 4 June 2015
BODY:
News from the rural and farming sectors.
Topics: rural, farming
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 9'01"

=SHOW NOTES=

===1:06 PM. | Jesse Mulligan, 1–4pm===
=DESCRIPTION=

Information and debate, people and places around NZ

=AUDIO=

13:08
Your Song - There Is No Depression In New Zealand
BODY:
Ralph McCubbin Howell, currently residing in Dunedin, has chosen There Is No Depression In New Zealand by Blam Blam Blam.
EXTENDED BODY:
There Is No Depression In New Zealand by Blam Blam Blam. Chosen by Ralph McCubbin Howell of Trick of the Light theatre.
Topics: music
Regions:
Tags: Blam Blam Blam
Duration: 13'27"

13:20
New Zealand A to Z - Franz Josef
BODY:
Today we are on the west coast of the South Island, in a town with the Southern Alps and a 15,000 year old Glacier right at the back-door.
EXTENDED BODY:
Franz Joseph is on the South Island's west coast. At its back door are the spectacular Southern Alps and a glacier that dates back fifteen thousand years to the last ice age.
The glacier is one of the South Island's most popular tourist destinations but in recent years the glacier has retreated significantly, to the point where guided tour groups are no longer feasible on the ice.
Simon Mercep talks to some people who call Franz Josef home and scientists who've been studying the glacier’s retreat and the 8,000-year-old history of the alpine fault.
Related

It could take centuries to reverse damage to NZ glaciers
Summer jobs - professional glacier guide
Dr Trevor Chinn - glacial retreat
Southern Alps Glaciers
Our Changing World - West Coast Glaciers

Topics: history
Regions: West Coast
Tags: Southern Alps, Franz Josef Glacier
Duration: 38'38"

14:10
Homeless photography - Jonathan Lyon
BODY:
Three homeless people in Auckland have taken up photography, turning the lens on their own, often rough, environment to document their hopes and aspirations. We hear from one of those involved, as well as the British photographer who set up a camera club at the Auckland City Mission and is the driving force behind the project.
EXTENDED BODY:
Three homeless people in Auckland have taken up photography, turning the lens on their own, often rough, environment to document their hopes and aspirations. The project will incorporate two exhibitions as part of the Auckland Festival of Photography.
Simon Mercep talks to Jonathan Lyon, who set up a camera club at the Auckland City Mission and is the driving force behind the project, and Rangi, one of the photographers involved.
Topics: arts, life and society
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: photography, homelessness, Auckland
Duration: 16'02"

14:20
Flash floods on the rise - Prof Iain White
BODY:
The floods we've seen in Dunedin and Wellington will become more common because of increased urbanisation and climate change. Professor Iain White, an international expert on water management from Waikato University, joins us to discuss why it's getting worse, and what could be done to alleviate floods in the future.
Topics: weather
Regions: Otago, Wellington Region
Tags: Dunedin, Wellington, floods, Waikato University
Duration: 11'32"

14:46
Feature Album - Perfect Angel (1974)
BODY:
The feature album today, the second studio album by soulful singer Minnie Riperton, from 1974.
Topics: music
Regions:
Tags: Perfect Angel, Minnie Riperton
Duration: 12'25"

15:10
The Expats - Captain Glenn Gorman
BODY:
Glenn has literally been around the world. For the past 14 years he's been working on super yachts. He speaks to us from Fiji, where the super yacht he's in charge of is docked.
Topics: life and society, Pacific
Regions:
Tags: super yacht
Duration: 12'22"

15:45
The Panel pre-show for 4 June 2015
BODY:
Your feedback, and a preview of the guests and topics on The Panel.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: couples, aging
Duration: 13'40"

21:20
Short-tailed Bats and a Conservation Dilemma
BODY:
Short-tailed bats are vulnerable to predation by rats - but what is the risk to the bats from toxins being used to protect them from the rats?
http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/ourchangingworld/audio/201756718/short-tailed-bats-and-a-conservation-dilemma
http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/ourchangingworld/audio/201755898/flower-of-the-underworld-a-parasitic-treasure
EXTENDED BODY:
By Alison Ballance
“Introduced predators and competitors have been identified as factors in the decline of New Zealand bat species, so we know that without control of those mammal pests the bats will decline.”
Gillian Dennis, Massey University

Lesser short-tailed bats, or pekapeka-tou-poto, are one of just two endemic bat species found in New Zealand. They’re very vulnerable to predation by rats, so the Department of Conservation (DoC) uses poison bait to manage the rodent problem. However, six years ago then-DoC ranger Gillian Dennis found herself facing a quandary: what about the risk to the bats from the toxins that are meant to protect them from predation? Gillian began a PhD at Massey University to look at the issue, and she tells Alison Ballance that it has been a slow process teasing out the details of this conservation conundrum. However, using a combination of Gillian’s research and on-going monitoring by its own staff, the Department of Conservation has concluded that the benefit to the bats in Pureora Forest from using poison baits to minimise the threat of predation by rats far outweighs the small risk to the bats.
To protect breeding birds and bats by knocking back rat numbers, DoC regularly uses first-generation anti-coagulant poisons, such as diphacinone and pindone, which act to disrupt the blood clotting mechanisms of vertebrates. Standard practice is that the toxin is delivered in hard cereal-based baits that are placed on the ground in bait stations throughout the forest.
It had been suspected that New Zealand bats might be susceptible to toxins but only a single bat had ever been found dead, during the 1980s on the West Coast, next to a cyanide bait used to kill possums.
There are several aspects of the biology of short-tailed bats that might make them especially vulnerable to ground-based poisons. They are opportunistic feeders with a broad eclectic diet, eating everything from insects to fruit and nectar and pollen, such as that from parasitic Dactylanthus flowers, which they help pollinate. They also spend a lot of time foraging on the ground, and are regarded as the most terrestrial of all bat species. They are able to tightly furl their wing membranes out of the way, to ensure they won’t get damaged, and they run around on the ground at night as well as flying.
Gillian also points out that in South America diphacinone is used to control vampire bats, which carry rabies and are considered a health threat. The vampire bats are very sensitive to the toxin and just a small amount is toxic; it’s thought that short-tailed bats could also be as sensitive.
Then, in 2009, Gillian found a number of dead bats next to a roost tree in Pureora Forest, and post-mortems revealed the presence of anti-coagulant toxin in their bodies. DoC immediately stopped rat baiting and the deaths stopped. However, not controlling the rat populations is a conservation conundrum, as bats do much better when there are no rats around.
Gillian says that the story of the greater short-tailed bat highlights the vulnerability of our bat species to rodents. By the early 1960s this species had already been wiped out on mainland New Zealand, most likely due to predation by rats as well as loss of habitat. It survived only on rat-free Great South Cape Island near Stewart Island. When rats were accidentally introduced to the island the bat and two species of endemic native birds were made extinct.
One of the prime questions facing Gillian was do the bats eat the baits directly or are they getting it indirectly through eating insects, such as weta, that have consumed small amounts of bait? She investigated this question firstly with a colony of captive bats at Auckland Zoo, seeing if they approached or ate non-toxic baits. Then she looked at wild bats, filming at non-toxic baits to see what animals, if any, approached or ate the baits. The bats showed almost no interest in the baits and never ate them, but Gillian recorded numbers of weta and other invertebrates – which bats eat – eating the bait. The conclusion was that secondary poisoning rather than direct poisoning is affecting the bats.
The rat control operation carried out at Puroera in the year the bats died used diphacinone presented as a paste, nailed to trees in biodegradable plastic bags. This is not the usual method of presenting toxin, and it was thought it may have resulted in bats or insects having more access than usual to the bait. So the following year the Department of Conservation followed the survival of a well-studied population of short-tailed bats during a more standard rat control operation in Fiordland. The toxin pindone was made up into hard cereal pellets that were contained in bait stations. There was a very high survivorship of bats that year in Fiordland so the following year DoC decided to use the same baiting regime at Pureora.
Gillian was still concerned, however, as earlier research had showed that invertebrates do eat hard cereal baits. So it was still possible for bats to be consuming small quantities of toxin that might not kill them but might still be affecting their health.
To see if these sub-lethal effects were occurring Gillian measured a number of factors in the Pureora bats. Anti-coagulants prolong blood clotting time, so she measured pro-thrombin time which is an early indicator of anti-coagulant poisoning. She assessed the body condition of the bats, and gave them a visual check for bleeding and anaemia. She was particularly interested in pregnant females, as the toxin can cause abortions or birth deformities. As a comparison she also collected all this information from the Fiordland bat population in a year when no rat control was being carried out. While she didn’t find any measurable health effects, tests on bat guano showed that the bats were still ingesting small doses of toxin.
"For now the use of poisons is the best option we have for broad-scale rodent control in native forest,” says Gillian. “And while this might present a risk to bats, we can minimise that risk by delivering baits in bait stations when pest control is done within bat habitat. Other studies that have been done with bats comparing survival in years where there has been pest control to years when there hasn’t been pest control, have shown that bats definitely benefit from having rodent control.”

DoC continues to use poison to control rat populations and closely monitors the survival of the Pureora Forest bat population.
There are three recognised subspecies of short-tailed bats, and a number of distinct populations that are found from Northland right down to Codfish Island/Whenua Hou near Stewart Island. The sub-species each have a different threat status, with the central North island sub-species, which includes the Pureora Forest bats, is listed as ‘At risk – declining’. The southern lesser short-tailed bat is classified as Nationally Endangered while the northern lesser short-tailed bat is in the threat category of Nationally Vulnerable.
Pureora Forest is also home to New Zealand’s second bat species, the long-tailed bat. In the South Island this species is classified as ‘Threatened: Nationally Critical’, while in the North Island its threat risk is ‘Threatened: Nationally Vulnerable.’ Long-tailed bats are considered to be less at risk of poisoning during rodent control operations because they forage on insects on the wing, and they generally forage above the canopy or along forest edges. Gillian says that although long-tailed bats would be less likely to eat invertebrates that had fed on baits laid on or near the ground, further investigation is needed to properly assess the chances of these bats being exposed to poisons.
Topics: science, environment
Regions:
Tags: mammals, native bats, short-tailed bats, rodents, rats, conservation, toxins, bats
Duration: 22'08"

=SHOW NOTES=

1:10 Your Song
There Is No Depression In New Zealand by Blam Blam Blam. Chosen by Ralph McCubbin Howell of Trick of the Light theatre.
1:20 Our New Zealand A to Z - Franz Joseph
Today we are on the west coast of the South Island, in a town with the Southern Alps and a 15,000 year old Glacier right at the back-door! With some of the most spectacular views in the country, it's no surprise that the population of Franz Josef swells to several thousand during the summer months. And if the glacier and the Alps don't provide excitment, there's also the small matter of the Alpine Fault, running diagonally through the town.
Featuring: Craig Rankin. Helen Lash. Dr. Ursula Cochran (GNS). Dr. Rob Langridge (GNS).
2:10 Homeless photography - Jonathan Lyon
Three homeless people in Auckland have taken up photography, turning the lens on their own, often rough, environment to document their hopes and aspirations. We hear from one of those involved, as well as the British photographer who set up a camera club at the Auckland City Mission and is the driving force behind the project.
[gallery:1181] Photographs by Rangi, Shadow and Mel
2:20 Flash floods on the rise - Prof Iain White
The floods we've seen in Dunedin and Wellington will become more common because of increased urbanisation and climate change. Professor Iain White, an international expert on water management from Waikato University, joins us to discuss why it's getting worse, and what could be done to alleviate floods in the future.
2:30 NZ Reading - Argentina
An Argentinian cook in a camping ground teaches Todd how to treat his girlfriend.
2:45 Feature album
Minnie Riperton. Perfect Angel (1974).
3:10 The Expats - Captain Glenn Gorman
Glenn has literally been around the world. For the past 14 years he's been working on super yachts. He speaks to us from Fiji, where the super yacht he's in charge of is docked.
3:20 BBC Witness - Golden Gate Bridge
In early June 1937 San Francisco was celebrating a feat of engineering - the opening of the world's longest suspension bridge over the Golden Gate Strait.
3:35 Short-tailed bats - Alison Ballance
New Zealand is often called the 'land of birds', and we're famous for flightless birds such as the kiwi and kakapo. But we do have two species of land mammals, both bats, and one of them, the short-tailed bat, also spends a surprising amount of time crawling around on the ground. Alison Ballance heads out into the night forest to find out more.
Stories from Our Changing World.
3:45 The Panel Pre-Show
What the world is talking about. With Jim Mora, Zara Potts, Guy Ryan and Jane Bowron.

===4:06 PM. | The Panel===
=DESCRIPTION=

An hour of discussion featuring a range of panellists from right along the opinion spectrum (RNZ)

=AUDIO=

15:45
The Panel pre-show for 4 June 2015
BODY:
Your feedback, and a preview of the guests and topics on The Panel.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: couples, aging
Duration: 13'40"

16:06
The Panel with Guy Ryan and Jane Bowron (Part 1)
BODY:
Auckland housing quality, Scott Watson interview, Labour election review.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: housing, Scott Watson, New Zealand Labour Party review
Duration: 25'53"

16:07
The Panel with Guy Ryan and Jane Bowron (Part 2)
BODY:
Behind the selfie, report into Numberacy Project, Hooters in New Zealand.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 24'36"

16:09
Panel introduction
BODY:
What the Panelists Jane Bowron and Guy Ryan have been up to.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 4'53"

16:12
Auckland housing quality
BODY:
Twenty-five to 40% of all building inspections in Auckland end in a fail. We talk to Mark Graham of the Building Guide about what's going wrong.
Topics: housing
Regions:
Tags: building inspections
Duration: 12'17"

16:23
Scott Watson interview
BODY:
Convicted murderer Scott Watson has won his court battle over meeting journalist Mike White behind bars.
Topics: crime, law
Regions:
Tags: Scott Watson
Duration: 1'35"

16:25
Labour election review
BODY:
Political scientist Dr Bryce Edwards joins the Panel to analyse the Labour Party's review of the election.
Topics: politics
Regions:
Tags: New Zealand Labour Party, review
Duration: 6'54"

16:35
Behind the selfie
BODY:
Are women taking selfies narcissistic or making a feminist statement?
Topics: technology
Regions:
Tags: selfies, social media
Duration: 6'45"

16:42
Panel Says
BODY:
What the Panelists Jane Bowron and Guy Ryan have been thinking about.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 8'11"

16:50
Report into Numeracy Project
BODY:
Advice from conservative group the NZ Initiative to get back to basics in teaching maths to school kids. Jonathan Anderson the director of tuition company Kip McGrath talks to the Panel about what gaps they're noticing in children's knowledge.
Topics: education
Regions:
Tags: maths, Kip McGrath
Duration: 6'29"

16:57
Hooters in NZ
BODY:
Would you be disgusted if the famous American restaurant came to NZ, along with its objectifying of women?
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: Hooters
Duration: 3'03"

=SHOW NOTES=

===5:00 PM. | Checkpoint===
=DESCRIPTION=

Radio New Zealand's two-hour news and current affairs programme

=AUDIO=

17:00
Checkpoint Top Stories for Thursday 4 June 2015
BODY:
South Dunedin struggling to clear water; Driver slips off the road in Dunedin's weather chaos; Dunedin's Mayor has more; State House partially responsible for a toddler's death; Housing NZ says it didn't know family couldn't afford power; Judge fines Centrepoint over death of worker.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 20'59"

17:07
South Dunedin struggling to clear water
BODY:
At least two hundred properties have been flooded in Dunedin in what being described as the heaviest rain the city's had in nearly two hundred years.
Topics: weather
Regions: Otago
Tags: Dunedin, floods
Duration: 3'06"

17:11
Driver slips off the road in Dunedin's weather chaos
BODY:
A Dunedin man who crashed into a two metre hole in the road caused by a slip along the Otago Peninsula says he'll be buying a lotto ticket.
Topics: weather
Regions: Otago
Tags: Dunedin, floods
Duration: 4'07"

17:15
Dunedin's Mayor has more
BODY:
More now on the aftermath of the Dunedin flooding. Fresh from the latest civil defence briefing is Dunedin Mayor, Dave Cull.
Topics: weather
Regions: Otago
Tags: Dunedin, floods
Duration: 2'35"

17:17
State house partially responsible for a toddler's death
BODY:
A coroner has ruled that a cold, damp and leaky south Auckland home may have contributed to the death of a toddler who lived there.
Topics: health
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: State house
Duration: 3'08"

17:20
Housing NZ says it didn't know family couldn't afford power
BODY:
Housing New Zealand spokesperson Kay Read responds.
Topics: housing, health
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 4'11"

17:25
Judge fines Centrepoint over death of worker
BODY:
A Judge has fined Wellington's port company nearly 61-thousand dollars over the death of an employee who was crushed after two stacks of pulp bales were pushed together by a forklift driven by a colleague.
Topics: law
Regions: Wellington Region
Tags:
Duration: 3'29"

17:29
Kiwi inventor of the jetpack quits the company he founded
BODY:
Glen Martin, the man who turned a distant dream into a multi-billion dollar company to create and build a flying jet pack has stunned the aviation world today by resigning.
Topics: technology
Regions:
Tags: Glen Martin, jet pack
Duration: 1'27"

17:35
Today's market update
BODY:
The New Zealand dollar has seen some volatility, following the release of some weaker-than-expected economic data across the Tasman.
Topics: business, economy
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 2'08"

17:38
Watson is a step closer to giving a prison interview
BODY:
Convicted double murderer Scott Watson is a step closer to giving a behind-bars interview to a magazine.
Topics: crime, law
Regions:
Tags: Scott Watson
Duration: 2'55"

17:40
Govt blocks Labour's attempts to table Cabinet papers
BODY:
The Government has blocked Labour's attempts to table 2007 Cabinet papers in Parliament over the controversial sheep deal with a Saudi businessman.
Topics: politics, farming, business
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 2'37"

17:43
Wikileaks releases another batch of secret documents
BODY:
Wikileaks has released another batch of secret documents which critics say show New Zealand is pushing for deregulation in world trade negotiations.
Topics: politics
Regions:
Tags: Wikileaks
Duration: 3'08"

17:46
Witness didn't tell cops all the truth
BODY:
A boy has confirmed to the High Court in Auckland that he didn't tell police all the truth about what he knew of a fatal west Auckland dairy stabbing.
Topics: law
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags:
Duration: 3'11"

17:49
Demand increasing on schools to fund out classroom activities
BODY:
The demand on schools to provide a growing number and range of activities outside of the classroom is afffecting on cash-strapped schools.
Topics: education, te ao Maori
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 3'12"

17:52
Aus detention centre workers could be jailed if they speak out
BODY:
Doctors and teachers working in Australia's controversial immigration detention centres could be jailed for up to two years if they speak out against them.
Topics: refugees and migrants, health
Regions:
Tags: Australia, doctors
Duration: 3'27"

18:05
Sports News for 4 June 2015
BODY:
An update from the team at RNZ Sport.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 3'26"

18:11
Extent of Dunedin flooding still not clear
BODY:
At least two hundred properties have been flooded in Dunedin but that number could rise further as the city cleans up from a once in nearly 200 year deluge.
Topics: weather
Regions: Otago
Tags: Dunedin, floods
Duration: 1'30"

18:13
Civil Defence with the latest
BODY:
Dunedin's Civil Defence Controller, Ruth Stokes, with the latest information regarding the situation in the city.
Topics: weather
Regions: Otago
Tags: Dunedin, floods, Civil Defence
Duration: 3'28"

18:17
A cold damp state house implicated in toddler's death
BODY:
A coroner has ruled that a cold, damp and leaky Otara home may have contributed to the death of a toddler who lived there.
Topics: health, housing
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: Otara, toddler death
Duration: 6'20"

18:22
Kirks set to close
BODY:
Wellington's 152-year-old Department store Kirkcaldie and Stains is closing if shareholders give it the green light.
Topics: history, business
Regions: Wellington Region
Tags: Kirkcaldie and Stains
Duration: 1'54"

18:25
Kiwi inventor of jetpack quits company he built from scratch
BODY:
The Kiwi inventor of a revolutionary jet pack that's set to go on sale next year has suddenly quit the company he founded.
Topics: technology, business
Regions:
Tags: jet pack
Duration: 6'00"

18:36
The latest on the search for MH370
BODY:
Australian officials have signalled the end of the search for the missing Malaysian airliner MH370.
Topics: transport
Regions:
Tags: MH370, Australia, Malaysia
Duration: 3'54"

18:40
Housing Minister under continued pressure over land sales
BODY:
The Housing Minister, Nick Smith, is continuing to bat away questions about possible legal action over his plans to sell up to 500-hectares of land in Auckland for housing.
Topics: housing, politics, te ao Maori
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: Nick Smith
Duration: 3'15"

18:43
Critics pan charter school reports
BODY:
Critics have dismissed the first annual reports from charter schools.
Topics: education
Regions:
Tags: charter schools
Duration: 3'08"

18:46
Te Manu Korihi News for 4 June 2015
BODY:
The demand to provide a growing number and range of activities outside of the classroom is impacting on cash-strapped schools; Te Ohu Kaimoana won't be the one that got away, after iwi across the country voted to keep the Māori fisheries body; Meanwhile the National Urban Māori Authority (NUMA) says it will take the authority to court to stop what it calls 'iwi fundamentalism at its worst', in a fight to retain control of a 20-million dollar fishing fund; The Raukura Waikato Social Services Trust is to close due to issues surrounding the financial management of the organisation.
Topics: te ao Maori
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 3'30"

18:50
Today In Parliament for 4 June 2015 - evening edition
BODY:
Labour tries to call PM's bluff on live sheep export deals with Saudi Arabia but government blocks move to table the vital cabinet papers in the House; Former Health Minister Annette King and current Heath Minister Jonathan Coleman go head-to-head.
Topics: politics
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 5'15"

18:55
FBI uncover terror plot to behead police in Boston
BODY:
The FBI says it has uncovered a plot by two men in Boston to capture and behead police officers.
Topics: crime
Regions:
Tags: FBI, Boston
Duration: 3'00"

=SHOW NOTES=

===7:06 PM. | Nights===
=DESCRIPTION=

Entertainment and information, including: 7:30 At the Movies with Simon Morris: Current film releases and film related topics (RNZ) 8:13 Windows on the World: International public radio features and documentaries 9:06 Our Changing World: Science and environment news from NZ and the world (RNZ)

=AUDIO=

19:15
The masculine codpiece
BODY:
Cambridge University PhD history candidate Victoria Miller, about the brief (and snug) history of the codpiece.
Topics: history
Regions:
Tags: men's fashion, codpieces
Duration: 20'06"

20:45
Dance
BODY:
Body movements, usually to music - with Chris Jannides, Toi Whakaari movement tutor and founding dancer, choreographer and artistic director of Limbs Dance Company... nudity in contemporary dance; plus which city is the dance capital of New Zealand?
Topics: arts, music
Regions:
Tags: dance Guilherme Bothelho, nudity, NZ capital of dance, choreography.
Duration: 15'10"

20:59
Conundrum clue 5
BODY:
Conundrum clue 5.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 12"

21:59
Conundrum clue 6
BODY:
Conundrum clue 6.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 40"

=SHOW NOTES=

7:10 The Masculine Codpiece
Cambridge University PhD history candidate Victoria Miller about the brief (and snug) history of the codpiece.
[gallery:1182]
7:30 At the Movies

=SHOW NOTES=

=AUDIO=

19:30
At The Movies for 4 June 2015
BODY:
Simon Morris looks at two revivals - old-fashioned disaster movie San Andreas, starring Duane Johnson, and a nostalgic look back on Walt Disney's 1950s view of the future in Tomorrowland starring George Clooney. He also reviews an Irish film Noble based on real-life philanthropist, Christina Noble.
EXTENDED BODY:

Simon Morris looks at two revivals - old-fashioned disaster movie San Andreas starring Duane Johnson, and a nostalgic look back on Walt Disney's 1950s view of the future in Tomorrowland starring George Clooney. He also reviews an Irish film Noble based on real-life philanthropist, Christina Noble.
The big picture with Simon Morris
These are exciting times to make movies. The things that can be shown on the big screen are now so astonishing, we’ve become blasé about them.
What better time to revisit the old Disaster Movies of the Seventies, or to come up with a Tomorrowland that would blow Walt Disney’s mind? But amidst all these visual riches, one skill seems to have been lost. Where’s the story? Where’s the solid narrative that keeps you interested to the end?
Case in point, the new disaster movie San Andreas.
You can’t complain about the “disaster” part of San Andreas, but the classic disaster film was basically a dozen or so soap opera stories, all pushed to a crisis by the upended Poseidon, the Killer Bees and the Towering Inferno.
Without these hokey stories San Andreas is just a bunch of stuff endlessly falling over.
By contrast, the inspiring tale of Christina Noble falls over – not because it’s not true, but because it is. And real life, as every documentary-maker knows, is the hardest thing to lick into an engaging narrative. It’s just so random.
But first, something even harder to turn into a story – a fairground ride. It’s the latest Disneyland attraction to be converted into a movie – Uncle Walt’s beloved Tomorrowland…
When Walt Disney conceived of Tomorrowland, the future looked bright. In the Fifties, technology was the answer - curing every disease, flying people to the Moon on a daily basis, jet-packing to work and coming home to robot butlers and housekeepers.
These days, the universally accepted fate of the Earth – and not just in movies – is disaster. We’re all doomed, apparently, to a dying planet with no work to jetpack to, and those cute robot butlers now psychotic Terminators.
So can Walt’s optimism be revived?
Topics: arts
Regions:
Tags: film, film review
Duration: 23'32"

19:31
Tomorrowland - film review
BODY:
Simon Morris reviews Tomorrowland, an old-fashioned look back on the future…
EXTENDED BODY:
Directed by Brad Bird, starring George Clooney and Hugh Laurie.
Simon Morris reviews Tomorrowland, an old-fashioned look back on the future…
The latest Disneyland attraction to be converted into a movie is Uncle Walt’s beloved Tomorrowland.
It opens with sparky heroine Casey Newton, under arrest for trying to keep Cape Canaveral a going concern. Casey finds herself in possession of a magic pin, with a big “T” on it. She touches it and is suddenly transported to a gleaming, shiny city of the future.
Look out, kids, we’re in for a wild ride…
And that’s what we get – a wild ride, rather than a real story. Not just a wild ride, but a ride with a moral – to wit, we can sort out the oncoming, miserable dystopia with a positive attitude. But good intentions can only go so far.
Tomorrowland started as a ride, and it remains a ride, for all the bold ideas director Brad Bird brings to it.
The performances are endearing – George Clooney and his two young companions echoing early Doctor Who – but it’s not enough.
Tomorrowland – like the pin with the giant “T” logo on it – looks like it’s selling us something. And 50 years after Disney, I’m not sure there’s still a market for it.
Topics: arts
Regions:
Tags: film, film review, Tomorrowland, Disney
Duration: 5'33"

19:40
San Andreas - film review
BODY:
Simon Morris looks at old-fashioned disaster movie San Andreas, starring Duane Johnson. Is it any great shakes?
EXTENDED BODY:
Directed by Brad Peyton, starring Duane Johnson aka The Rock.
Simon Morris looks at an old-fashioned disaster movie to see if it's any great shakes.
You want to see the biggest earthquake ever invented? Welcome to San Andreas.
We open on Big Duane in his trusty helicopter rescuing a blonde California babe from certain death.
No sooner can you say “What a guy”, than we’re back on the ground, dealing with Helicopter Ray’s messy home-life. He and his gorgeous wife Emma are separated – she chose a weedy English architect for some reason – but he still has time to see his even more gorgeous daughter Blake.
The weedy architect has just tempted Fate by building the biggest edifice in San Francisco, just crying out to be toppled by seismic forces. And, what do you know, here comes one…
This is certainly a satisfactory opening for a disaster film, but we seriously need a few more stories.
The only ones on offer seem to be Helicopter Ray’s daughter stuck in San Francisco being struck by Earthquake Number One, while Ray’s wife is stuck in LA being hit by Earthquake Number Two. Which one will Ray go to?
Anyone asking this question hasn’t seen too many films starring The Rock. Both of course, while flexing his muscles and yelling helpful instructions like “Look out!” and “Let’s go!”
As mayhem breaks out all over California, the producers take their eye off the various balls at their disposal. The weedy architect hurries out of his Towering Inferno and is basically never seen again. The glamorous wife spends much of her time solo, having buildings fall on her, before hooking up with The Rock, where they can have buildings fall on both of them. Or be attacked by a giant Tsunami.
My companion at San Andreas sneered that it’s a film that makes you forgive previous disaster-master Roland Emmerich everything.
I wouldn’t go that far, but I can’t deny it’s a film made up entirely of sound, fury, The Rock and nothing else.
Popcorn - extremely heavy on the “pop”.
Topics: arts
Regions:
Tags: film, film review, San Andreas, disaster movie, The Rock
Duration: 6'01"

19:50
Noble - film review
BODY:
Simon Morris reviews an Irish film Noble based on real-life philanthropist, Christina Noble. Does a great person automatically mean a great film?
EXTENDED BODY:
Directed by Stephen Bradley, starring Deirdre O'Kane.
Simon Morris reviews an Irish film Noble based on real-life philanthropist, Christina Noble. Does a great person automatically mean a great film?
Irish film Noble couldn’t be more accurately titled. The real-life Christina Noble set up a children’s foundation in Vietnam, tackling the desperate plight of street-kids there.
Born in the Fifties, she loved Doris Day, and would get up and sing Doris songs in cheerful Irish pubs at the drop of a hat. She lived in a Dublin slum with her ailing mother, her half a dozen siblings and her alcoholic father. She’s raped, gets pregnant, is taken over by nuns who then adopt out her baby with no prior warning.
Is there no other Irish cliché to be tapped?
Many years later, Christina finds herself in Ho Chi Minh City on a visitor’s permit. It’s the first unpredictable event in this story. She wanders the street gathering unattached children, and feeding them out of the goodness of her heart. Her travels take her to an under-funded city orphanage, and she takes the cause to the many Western businesses attracted by the opportunities in Vietnam.
It’s a great real-life story, of course, but that’s not quite the same as a real movie story. A movie story isn’t about good deeds. It’s about someone changing, and Christina is as plucky and noble at the end as she was, looking after her family, at the beginning.
Noble therefore is a terrific person, but a rather less impressive film.
Topics: arts
Regions:
Tags: film review, film, documentary film, Christina Noble, philanthropy
Duration: 6'26"

7:30 At the Movies
Films and movie business with Simon Morris.
8:10 Windows on the World
International public radio documentaries - visit the Windows on the World web page to find links to these documentaries.
8:40 Dance
Body movements, usually to music – with Chris Jannides Toi Whakaari movement tutor and founding dancer, choreographer and artistic director of Limbs Dance Company – nudity in contemporary dance; plus which city is the dance capital of New Zealand?
9:06 Our Changing World

=SHOW NOTES=

2015 Queen's Birthday Honours
By Alison Ballance
Congratulations to the scientists and conservationists – and Our Changing World interviewees! – who won honours in the 2015 Queen’s Birthday Honours List.
The Prime Minister’s Chief Science Advisor Sir Peter Gluckman was appointed to New Zealand’s highest honour, the Order of New Zealand. He spoke with Alison Ballance about his early career in Nepal.
Nano-materials engineer Dr Michelle Dickinson, AKA Nanogirl, became a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to science. She spoke with Ruth Beran about her work on nano-indentation, and with Justin Gregory about her alter ego Nanogirl and her work in science communication.
Invercargill botanists Chris and Brian Rance were awarded Queen’s Service Medals for their community conservation work. Brian Rances featured in Alison Ballance’s Expedition to Antipodes Island, and Chris Rance gave Alison a tour of the Southland Community Nursery that she and Brian have established on their Southland property.
Coming Up On Our Changing World on 11 June
Experiencing Marine Reserves with the Island Bay Marine Education Centre, research into marine reserves and their effects, the links between climate change and extreme weather events, and research into standing desks.

=AUDIO=

21:06
Uga or Coconut Crab Hunting in Niue
BODY:
Uga or coconut crab are hunted in large numbers in Niue but to conserve them the Niuean Government has placed an indefinite ban on their export
EXTENDED BODY:
By Justin Gregory
Niueans love the taste of uga, or coconut crab, and the very large, land-living arthropods are hunted across the island. They are also sent in large numbers to Niueans living in New Zealand and Australia – such large numbers that the Niuean Government has placed an indefinite ban on their export.
Brendan Pasisi is the director of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Niue. He says the introduction of x-ray machines at Niue International Airport has made it possible to accurately count the number of uga being taken out of the country by people wanting to take a tasty treat to offshore friends and family.
Around 10,000 uga left Niue last year in the luggage of locals and tourists. Brendan Pasisi says there are good indicators that this export has had a sizeable impact upon the stock of uga on Niue.
It’s clear that catching larger uga is getting harder and harder, people are having to go further and further into new areas (to catch them). It rings some alarm bells that we need to pay more attention to this.

Coconut crabs reach sexual maturity at around five years of age and can live for up to 60 years, achieving their full size only after the age of 40. Once adult, the crabs only predators are other crabs, dogs, wild pigs and human beings.
Beveridge, or Bev, Mokalei takes tourists on regular uga hunting expeditions on his family land on the south west coast of Niue. He agrees that the number being sent offshore needs to be curbed and says large uga are rarer than before. Bev believes that Niueans naturally limit their take and says that most uga hunting now only happens on special occasions. And it is still possible to find a really big one.
Like Brendan Pasisi, Bev says that hunters need to head further inland and deeper into the bush to find uga but he puts some of the blame for this on the impact of Cyclone Heta in 2004. Niue took the full brunt of this category 5 tropical cyclone and Bev says that vegetation on the coast that normally sheltered the uga was blown away. The crabs were forced to go further inland to find cover.
There are no plans to lift the ban on uga exports any time soon. Brendan Pasisi admits that there was an initial resistance by locals but claims that has been overcome by education about the importance of preserving this famous and very large species of crab.
It’s an iconic species. People come here, they want to go catch one, whether they let it go or not. It means you can get some really good benefits out of maintaining the resource and using it on the island. It’s just unfortunate for our friends and relatives who live abroad. We invite them to come back and enjoy it over here.

Watch a video of uga
Topics: environment
Regions:
Tags: Niue, uga, coconut crab, export, hunt
Duration: 12'05"

21:20
Short-tailed Bats and a Conservation Dilemma
BODY:
Short-tailed bats are vulnerable to predation by rats - but what is the risk to the bats from toxins being used to protect them from the rats?
http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/ourchangingworld/audio/201756718/short-tailed-bats-and-a-conservation-dilemma
http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/ourchangingworld/audio/201755898/flower-of-the-underworld-a-parasitic-treasure
EXTENDED BODY:
By Alison Ballance
“Introduced predators and competitors have been identified as factors in the decline of New Zealand bat species, so we know that without control of those mammal pests the bats will decline.”
Gillian Dennis, Massey University

Lesser short-tailed bats, or pekapeka-tou-poto, are one of just two endemic bat species found in New Zealand. They’re very vulnerable to predation by rats, so the Department of Conservation (DoC) uses poison bait to manage the rodent problem. However, six years ago then-DoC ranger Gillian Dennis found herself facing a quandary: what about the risk to the bats from the toxins that are meant to protect them from predation? Gillian began a PhD at Massey University to look at the issue, and she tells Alison Ballance that it has been a slow process teasing out the details of this conservation conundrum. However, using a combination of Gillian’s research and on-going monitoring by its own staff, the Department of Conservation has concluded that the benefit to the bats in Pureora Forest from using poison baits to minimise the threat of predation by rats far outweighs the small risk to the bats.
To protect breeding birds and bats by knocking back rat numbers, DoC regularly uses first-generation anti-coagulant poisons, such as diphacinone and pindone, which act to disrupt the blood clotting mechanisms of vertebrates. Standard practice is that the toxin is delivered in hard cereal-based baits that are placed on the ground in bait stations throughout the forest.
It had been suspected that New Zealand bats might be susceptible to toxins but only a single bat had ever been found dead, during the 1980s on the West Coast, next to a cyanide bait used to kill possums.
There are several aspects of the biology of short-tailed bats that might make them especially vulnerable to ground-based poisons. They are opportunistic feeders with a broad eclectic diet, eating everything from insects to fruit and nectar and pollen, such as that from parasitic Dactylanthus flowers, which they help pollinate. They also spend a lot of time foraging on the ground, and are regarded as the most terrestrial of all bat species. They are able to tightly furl their wing membranes out of the way, to ensure they won’t get damaged, and they run around on the ground at night as well as flying.
Gillian also points out that in South America diphacinone is used to control vampire bats, which carry rabies and are considered a health threat. The vampire bats are very sensitive to the toxin and just a small amount is toxic; it’s thought that short-tailed bats could also be as sensitive.
Then, in 2009, Gillian found a number of dead bats next to a roost tree in Pureora Forest, and post-mortems revealed the presence of anti-coagulant toxin in their bodies. DoC immediately stopped rat baiting and the deaths stopped. However, not controlling the rat populations is a conservation conundrum, as bats do much better when there are no rats around.
Gillian says that the story of the greater short-tailed bat highlights the vulnerability of our bat species to rodents. By the early 1960s this species had already been wiped out on mainland New Zealand, most likely due to predation by rats as well as loss of habitat. It survived only on rat-free Great South Cape Island near Stewart Island. When rats were accidentally introduced to the island the bat and two species of endemic native birds were made extinct.
One of the prime questions facing Gillian was do the bats eat the baits directly or are they getting it indirectly through eating insects, such as weta, that have consumed small amounts of bait? She investigated this question firstly with a colony of captive bats at Auckland Zoo, seeing if they approached or ate non-toxic baits. Then she looked at wild bats, filming at non-toxic baits to see what animals, if any, approached or ate the baits. The bats showed almost no interest in the baits and never ate them, but Gillian recorded numbers of weta and other invertebrates – which bats eat – eating the bait. The conclusion was that secondary poisoning rather than direct poisoning is affecting the bats.
The rat control operation carried out at Puroera in the year the bats died used diphacinone presented as a paste, nailed to trees in biodegradable plastic bags. This is not the usual method of presenting toxin, and it was thought it may have resulted in bats or insects having more access than usual to the bait. So the following year the Department of Conservation followed the survival of a well-studied population of short-tailed bats during a more standard rat control operation in Fiordland. The toxin pindone was made up into hard cereal pellets that were contained in bait stations. There was a very high survivorship of bats that year in Fiordland so the following year DoC decided to use the same baiting regime at Pureora.
Gillian was still concerned, however, as earlier research had showed that invertebrates do eat hard cereal baits. So it was still possible for bats to be consuming small quantities of toxin that might not kill them but might still be affecting their health.
To see if these sub-lethal effects were occurring Gillian measured a number of factors in the Pureora bats. Anti-coagulants prolong blood clotting time, so she measured pro-thrombin time which is an early indicator of anti-coagulant poisoning. She assessed the body condition of the bats, and gave them a visual check for bleeding and anaemia. She was particularly interested in pregnant females, as the toxin can cause abortions or birth deformities. As a comparison she also collected all this information from the Fiordland bat population in a year when no rat control was being carried out. While she didn’t find any measurable health effects, tests on bat guano showed that the bats were still ingesting small doses of toxin.
"For now the use of poisons is the best option we have for broad-scale rodent control in native forest,” says Gillian. “And while this might present a risk to bats, we can minimise that risk by delivering baits in bait stations when pest control is done within bat habitat. Other studies that have been done with bats comparing survival in years where there has been pest control to years when there hasn’t been pest control, have shown that bats definitely benefit from having rodent control.”

DoC continues to use poison to control rat populations and closely monitors the survival of the Pureora Forest bat population.
There are three recognised subspecies of short-tailed bats, and a number of distinct populations that are found from Northland right down to Codfish Island/Whenua Hou near Stewart Island. The sub-species each have a different threat status, with the central North island sub-species, which includes the Pureora Forest bats, is listed as ‘At risk – declining’. The southern lesser short-tailed bat is classified as Nationally Endangered while the northern lesser short-tailed bat is in the threat category of Nationally Vulnerable.
Pureora Forest is also home to New Zealand’s second bat species, the long-tailed bat. In the South Island this species is classified as ‘Threatened: Nationally Critical’, while in the North Island its threat risk is ‘Threatened: Nationally Vulnerable.’ Long-tailed bats are considered to be less at risk of poisoning during rodent control operations because they forage on insects on the wing, and they generally forage above the canopy or along forest edges. Gillian says that although long-tailed bats would be less likely to eat invertebrates that had fed on baits laid on or near the ground, further investigation is needed to properly assess the chances of these bats being exposed to poisons.
Topics: science, environment
Regions:
Tags: mammals, native bats, short-tailed bats, rodents, rats, conservation, toxins, bats
Duration: 22'08"

21:36
A Neutrino Map of the Universe
BODY:
University of Canterbury physicist Jenni Adams explains how high-energy neutrinos could help track the origins of cosmic rays.
EXTENDED BODY:
By Veronika Meduna Veronika.Meduna@radionz.co.nz
Cosmic rays have energies more than a million times greater than anything achievable by man-made particle accelerators.
They bombard the Earth’s atmosphere all the time, but just where exactly they come from remains a mystery. However, scientists are hopeful that neutrinos may one day help them solve the puzzle.
Cosmic rays are mostly made up of protons, the charged particles in the nuclei of atoms. Because of their charge, the rays’ path through the universe is twisted by magnetic fields, and by the time they enter the Earth’s atmosphere, there’s no way of tracing them back to their origins.
But where ever cosmic rays are generated, there are also high-energy neutrinos.
As their name suggests, neutrinos are neutral or without a charge. They therefore travel through space unimpeded - and University of Canterbury physicist Jenni Adams is now capturing these elusive particles in the hope that they’ll point her back to the birthplace of cosmic rays.
Humankind is trying our very hardest to see how energetic can we accelerate particles so we can see what happens, whereas million times more energetic particles are just being thrown into our atmosphere from somewhere in the universe. So we would like to know where in the universe [something] is accelerating these particles, what has such a huge energy source that it can produce these particles.

Neutrinos are elementary particles, just like electrons and quarks, which means that they can’t be broken down into anything smaller. They have a very tiny mass and no charge.
In our most immediate galactic neighbourhood, the sun is the most prolific producer of neutrinos. They are also emitted during radioactive decay, such as in the centre of our planet or in our bodies, where we each produce about 340 million neutrinos each day.
Right now there’s a billion, or a thousand million, neutrinos passing through every square centimetre of your body every second, without you knowing anything about it.

Whatever their source, they usually travel through the universe unbothered by anything else. Thanks to Ernest Rutherford, we know that atoms are mostly empty space, with the nucleus making up 99.9 per cent of the mass but taking up only a trillionth of the volume.
“And that’s the way a neutrino sees the world,” says Jenni Adams. “Neutrinos have no charge so the only way we can detect them is when they smash into a nucleus, which happens very rarely.”
At that rare moment, the collision produces charged particles that still carry the energy and direction of the neutrino, and they produce light. Over the years, physicists have gone to extreme lengths in their chase of the neutrino, trying to detect the light from neutrino crashes by using large bodies of water, such as Lake Baikal, as detectors.
The largest neutrino detector today is buried deep in the ice at the South Pole. The IceCube detector stretches over a cubic kilometre of ice, studded with watermelon-sized light detectors – and it is here that Jenni Adams and colleagues from Germany and the USA recently detected the first evidence for high-energy cosmic neutrinos.
“Solar neutrino produce just a tiny amount of light. High-energy neutrinos produce much brighter light and we have a condition that eight light detectors must light up at the same time before we can be sure that it was a cosmic neutrino.”
IceCube detects about 100,000 neutrinos per year, but most of them were produced in our own atmosphere when cosmic rays interact with other particles. The high-energy neutrinos the team detected in 2013 clearly came from outside our solar system, and Jenni Adams is keen to see more of them.
Neutrinos are really unique in giving us a view of the universe that’s not possible in any other way. They are messengers, or a tool, and we are looking at a neutrino image of the high-energy universe.

The team recently received a Marsden grant to focus on reconstructing the direction of cosmic neutrinos as a way of investigating the origin and acceleration of nature’s highest-energy particles. You can watch her recent TEDxChristchurch talk below.
Topics: science
Regions:
Tags: astronomy, neutrinos, cosmic rays, Antarctica, South Pole, IceCube project, neutrino detector
Duration: 18'26"

21:46
How Do Rock Pool Fish Cheat Death?
BODY:
Little triplefin fish living in rock pools regularly face not enough or too much oxygen - discovering how they cope could help people suffering from brain hypoxia
EXTENDED BODY:
By Alison Ballance
“The changes on a daily basis are absolutely astounding. During the day, temperatures in these rock pools can rocket up to 30° Celsius, whereas normal sea temperatures in the summer are around 21° or 22°. If the rock pools are exposed at night then oxygen levels can plummet to virtually nothing.”
Neill Herbert, University of Auckland

Marine biologists are studying how small fish, known as triplefins, survive low oxygen levels in rock pools. They hope it will provide physiological insights into how human brains cope when starved of oxygen following a stroke or other hypoxic damage. “What can we learn from these fish in order to help prevent hypoxic brain death?” asks Neill.
Neill Herbert and PhD student Tristan McArley from the Institute of Marine Science at the University of Auckland are studying the triplefins at the Leigh Marine Laboratory. The work is part of a collaborative Marsden-funded project into hypoxic brain damage being carried out with Anthony Hickey and Nigel Birch from the School of Biological Sciences and Gillian Renshaw of Griffith University in Australia. “We’re … doing the preliminary work to establish from a whole animal perspective how tough these fish are” says Neill. “My colleagues are looking at the cellular mechanisms and what we might learn from these species that we can adapt [to humans].”
Rock pools are extreme environments. On a sunny day, a rock pool at the top of the shore might be exposed for more than six hours before it is flushed by the incoming tide, and in summer temperatures can quickly climb by eight or more degrees.
At night, oxygen levels in the rock pool drop because “basically everything, including all the algae, is respiring and using up the oxygen” says Tristan.
“So it tends to be the rock pools with lots of algae where oxygen drops really low at night.”

“Effectively these fish are just sat in stagnant water, so it’s a tough environment,” says Neill. “Bear in mind that fish are ectothermic, so at higher temperatures their metabolic rate goes up and they’re churning through oxygen at a faster rate.” This double whammy is of interest as climate change predictions are that water temperatures will go up so the fish will be facing an even greater challenge than they do today.
Although conditions in the rock pools become hypoxic – low in oxygen – at night, the opposite can happen during the day, with the water becoming hyperoxic. “The water is becoming supersaturated with oxygen, above a hundred per cent saturation,” says Tristan “I’ve measured as high as 220 per cent oxygen saturation. And that’s a result of photosynthetic organisms such as algae and plankton photosynthesising and releasing oxygen.” Although not part of their current project Neill says it’s an interesting question as to how the fish cope in hyperoxic conditions as high oxygen levels are considered toxic. And, as well, the fish may have to cope with both extreme hyperoxia and hypoxia within a single day.
Tristan has been putting individual triplefins in small sealed tanks and measuring their physiological responses to different oxygen levels at different temperatures. So far he has measured oxygen consumption using a respirometer, which is an indirect way of measuring metabolic rate. The next stage will involve using a whole body calorimeter to measure the fish metabolism directly. He is comparing five different species – the twister (Bellapiscis medius), the common triplefin (Forsterygion lapillum) and the estuarine triplefin (F. nigripenne) are inter-tidal specialists, while the striped triplefin (F. varium) and mottled triplefin (F. malcolmi) are subtidal species that are usually found between 5-20 metres deep.
Not surprisingly, the inter-tidal species cope much better with low oxygen.
In terms of their ability to survive low oxygen, Neill says that “the Bellapiscis species would be the equivalent of the mountaineering athletes that are climbing Everest … except our fish are doing it without a supplementary oxygen tank.”

Mike Hamlin’s work on training human athletes in hypoxic conditions has previously featured on Our Changing World.
The 2014 Marsden Fund project that this work is part of was awarded in 2014 and is called 'How to avoid brain damage during oxygen deprivation? Intertidal fish provide a unique test model'.
Check out the gallery of triplefin photos (below) from Paul Caiger. Paul is a PhD student at the University of Auckland's Leigh Marine Laboratory, and he is studying triplefins. You can see more of his great photos on Flickr. New Zealand is a centre of diversity for triplefins, with 26 endemic species that are the most abundant of New Zealand’s shallow-water subtidal reef fish.
Listen here to the audio:
Topics: science
Regions:
Tags: marine ecosystems, fish, physiology, health, rock pools, triplefins, Marsden Fund
Duration: 15'24"

9:06 Our Changing World
Science and environment news from New Zealand and the world.
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A contemporary music magazine with interviews and music from New Zealand and overseas artists, coverage of new releases, tours, live sessions, music festivals and events.

===10:00 PM. | Late Edition===
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Radio New Zealand news, including Dateline Pacific and the day's best interviews from Radio New Zealand National

===11:06 PM. | Music 101===
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Music, interviews, live performances, behind the scenes, industry issues, career profiles, new, back catalogue, undiscovered, greatest hits, tall tales - with a focus on NZ (RNZ)