Turangawaewae marae, Ngaruawahia, Waikato

Te Pūtaketanga o Ngā Taonga Kōrero

Kāore pea he kohinga i tua atu i a Ngā Taonga Kōrero mō te hopu reo o mua. Ko ngā waiata, ko ngā haka hoki tēnā.

Nō te tau 1921 i tīmata ai ngā pāhotanga reo irirangi, engari, nō te tau 1935 rā anō, kātahi anō ka puta ngā hopunga pāhotanga, i te wā i hokona e te Ratonga Pāho o Aotearoa ngā taputapu hopu reo. I mua noa i tērā, ka tukuna matawātia ngā pāhotanga, kāore rawa i hopungia, ahakoa pēwhea. Heoi anō, nā te putanga o ngā taputapu kōpae hopu reo i taea ai te hopu me te tiaki i aua pāhotanga mō anamata.

Ko te pāhotanga mātāmua i tō mātou pātaka Ngā Taonga Kōrero (te pātaka Māori a RNZ), koia tēnā, ko te hui i tū ai i Ngāruawāhia, i te marama o Poutūterangi i te tau 1938 hei tohu i te whakatuwheratanga o te whare ko Tūrongo te ingoa, i whakatūngia ai hei kāinga mō Kīngi Korokī. Koinei pū te kaupapa tuatahi kua whiriwhiringia e mātou hei whakaatu, nō roto mai i te pātaka Ngā Taonga Kōrero.

Hero Image: Turangawaewae Marae, Ngaruawahia, Waikato. (Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington - WA-12568-G)

Opening ceremony for Turongo House.

Opening ceremony for Turongo House at Turangawaewae Marae, Ngaruawahia, Waikato. (Dominion Post, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington)

I tukuna te pāhotanga nei, ko Tūrongo 1938, mā te waea i Ngāruawāhia ki te teihana 1YA i Tāmaki Makaurau. I konā, ka whoatungia e te teihana 1YA ki te teihana 2YA i Pōneke, ka hopungia ki te taputapu kōpae hopu reo. Nō mua noa tēnei pāhotanga i te hangarau rīpene, inā rā, ko te mahi whakatika oro tēnā mā te ngira ki te kōpae ewaro, ki te kōpae papa rānei. Tekau mā ono inihi te whānui o ngā kōpae Tūrongo – kia āhua rite ki te kōpae puoro tapeha, engari, he nui ake, kāore hoki i kōngohe.

Tekau mēneti noa te kaha o ia taha o tētehi kōpae tekau mā ono inihi ki te pupuru oro, nā reira, mō tētehi pāhotanga roroa pēnei i tēnei nā, e whia kē ngā kōpae i pau kia tutuki ai tēnei hopunga. I roto i ngā pāhotanga, ka mau i te kaiwhakarongo te reo o te kaipānui, a Charles Bennett e tohutohu ana i te tari ki te teihana 2YA kia “Whakamutua”, e kī ana, kua tae ki tētehi whakatā poto i Ngāruawāhia, ā, me whakarite he kōpae hou.

Ko ngēnei hopunga kōrero mātāmua ki ngā hui nunui me ngā kaupapa whakahirahira a te Māori, i pāhotia (i hopungia, i tiakina hoki) i runga i te tono a Tā Apirana Ngata. He kanohi kitea ia ki te huhua o ngā hui Māori, i hopungia ai i ngā tau o ngā 1930 me ngā tau o ngā 1940. Rangona ai ia i ngā pōwhiri e whaikōrero ana, e haka ana, e whakapākehā ana hoki i ngā whaikōrero mā ngā manuwhiri Pākehā. Ko ia hoki tēnā te kōmako whakahau ki te maha o ngā hui, ana, i ngētehi o ngā hopunga, tērā ia e hakiringia i runga i te tukuoro nui, e taki ana i ngā manuwhiri me ngā tira haka, e whakahaere ana rānei i ngā whakaritenga hākari.

I kaha akiaki a Ngata i te Ratonga Pāho o Aotearoa kia tae ake ki ngēnei kaupapa nunui ki te pāho me te hopu i ngā kōrero. Ki tōna whakaaro, koinei tētehi huarahi e mau ai ngā kōrero tuku iho a te Māori ka hāpaitia ai e ngā reanga o āpōpō. Ko te Kaihautū Whakapāho tuatahi, ko Ahorangi James Shelley tēnā, nāna tēnei mahi i tautoko. I te whakatuwheratanga o Tamatekapua, te whare tupuna i Ōhinemutu, i Rotorua i te tau 1943, ka tonoa e Ngata tētehi kupu ki a Shelley, e whakamihi ana i te pai o ngā mahi pāhotanga a ngā pūkenga oro. I konā hoki, ka whakatakoto i tōna whakapono, arā, me mātua mau ngā waiata, ngā haka me ngā whaikōrero “i mua i te hinganga o te iwi mōhio ki ngēnei taonga”.

Ko ngā hopunga mātāmua ngēnei o ngā tau 1930 me ngā tau 1940 te tūāpapa o Ngā Taonga Kōrero. Ko ngā hui nunui i hopungia, te tini o ngā whakatauiratanga whaikōrero me ngā mahi kapa haka tiketike hoki i mau i a rātou, ka noho hei kura puna rauemi mā ngā ringa waihanga hōtaka reo irirangi Māori i ngā tekau i muri iho. I ngā tau o ngā 1950, nā ngēnei hopunga ngā hōtaka o te rārangi whakaaturanga Ngā Pao me Ngā Pakiwaitara o Te Iwi Māori i whāngai. I ngā tau o ngā 1960, i te whakatūnga o te tari tuatahi mau-roa reo irirangi Māori, ko te hōtaka reo Māori tuatahi, i kīia ai ko Te Reo Māori (nā Ted Nepia i hautū) me te hōtaka i kīia nei ki te reo Pākehā, ko te Māori Programme (nā Wiremu Parker rāua ko Wiremu Kerekere i hautū), katoa ngēnei hōtaka, i whāngaihia ki ngā hopunga mātāmua nei, ka whakamahia nuitia rānei ngētehi wāhanga o ngā hopunga nei. Ki tēnei rangi tonu, e pāhotia tonutia ana ngā wāhanga o ngēnei hopunga matua e ngā reanga kaiwhakapāho o ngā pou reo irirangi o ngā iwi o Aotearoa.

I te tau 1991, nā Dr. Mervyn McLean ngā pāhotanga mātāmua irirangi Māori nei i whakawhāiti ki tētehi whakarārangi i waenganui i te ngātahitanga o te Ngā Taonga Kōrero RNZ me te Pātaka Puoro Māori me Te Moana nui a Kiwa ki Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki Makaurau. Kua whakaaengia e te Pātaka i runga i te ngākau atawhai kia whakaputaina ki ngēnei whārangi ko ngētehi wāhanga o taua whakarārangi hei āwhina i ngā kaiwhakarongo, i a rātou e whakarongo ana ki ngā pāhotanga nei.

Nā te taunaki a Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori me te tautoko a ngā iwi Māori me Te Reo Irirangi o Aotearoa, e āhei ana a Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision ki te whakaputa haere i ngēnei pāhotanga ki te ipurangi hei whakarongotanga mai. Ko te manako tēnei, ka ihiihi, ka ako hoki te tangata i ngā papa tatau tapu e mau nei i ngēnei hopunga nō roto i te kohinga Ngā Taonga Kōrero.

Ko Charles Moihi Te Arawaka Bennett (nō Ngāti Whakaue, Ngāti Pikiao) te kaipānui o ngēnei pāhotanga. He ākonga ia ki Te Kura o Te Aute, ā, ka whakapōtaengia ki te tohu B.A i Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha i te tau 1936. He kaipānui a Charles Bennett mā te Ratonga Pāho o Aotearoa, engari rā, i roto i ngā tau e rua nō muri mai o te pāhotanga, kua rere ia ki tāwāhi, ki te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao me Te Ope Taua Māori Rua Tekau Mā Waru. Pānuitia ngētehi atu pitopito kōrero mō Charles Bennett.

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