A 24-hour recording of RNZ National. The following rundown is sourced from the broadcaster’s website. Note some overseas/copyright restricted items may not appear in the supplied rundown:
04 January 2016
===12:04 AM. | All Night Programme===
=DESCRIPTION=
Including: 12:05 Music after Midnight; 12:30 On Going to the Movies (2 of 7, RNZ); 1:05 Hear Our Voices We Entreat (2 of 5, RNZ); 2:30 NZ Music Feature (RNZ); 3:05 Pedal Power: Great Bicycle Journeys, by Roy Sinclair, read by Ray Henwood (1 of 5, RNZ); 3:30 Science (RNZ); 4:30 Kate's Classics 5:10 An Awfully Big Adventure, by Jane Tolerton (2 of 15, RNZ)
===6:00 AM. | None (National)===
=DESCRIPTION=
An early miscellany of music, stories and random thoughts
===7:00 AM. | Summer Report===
=DESCRIPTION=
Teresa Cowie and Ian Telfer present two hours of summer news and information, including interviews with the newsmakers, plus sport, business, weather and features
=AUDIO=
07:00
Top Stories for Monday 4 January 2016
BODY:
Outrage in the Middle east as a prominent Shi'ia cleric is executed. Allegations that gas leaks in Taranaki are being covered up and should e-cigarettes be legal.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 28'31"
07:10
Protests at Saudi embassy
BODY:
Iran is warning Saudi Arabia it will face "divine revenge" for its execution of a prominent Shia cleric.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: Saudi Arabia
Duration: 4'48"
07:15
New Zealand Shia community shocked at execution of top cleric
BODY:
And the New Zealand Shia Muslim community is in shock following news of the prominent cleric, Sheikh Nimr Al-Nimr execution by Saudi authorities.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: Saudi Arabia
Duration: 3'24"
07:18
Whistleblowers claims show gas fields need closer monitoring
BODY:
Taranaki Energy Watch is calling for closer monitoring of oil and gas fields, after allegations that Australian company Origin Energy is covering up leaks and spills at its wells here and across the Tasman.
Topics: energy
Regions: Taranaki
Tags: Origin Energy
Duration: 3'06"
07:21
NZ rural firefighters on the ground in Vic to help
BODY:
Rural firefighters from New Zealand this morning begin helping their Australian counterparts fight the devastating Victorian bushfires.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: Australia, fires
Duration: 3'55"
07:25
Calls for Government to allow e-cigarettes
BODY:
Some New Zealand tobacco researchers are calling for the Government to allow e-cigarettes containing small amounts of nicotine, to be sold here in the same way the nicotine patches are.
Topics: health
Regions:
Tags: e-cigarettes
Duration: 4'31"
07:38
Wellington and Dunedin to get rental housing WOF
BODY:
The housing stock in Wellington and Dunedin is in for a shake-up with confirmation a rental warrant of fitness scheme will go ahead this year.
Topics: housing
Regions: Wellington Region, Otago
Tags: Rental Warrant Of Fitness
Duration: 4'26"
07:43
Auckland tennis gets underway today
BODY:
Many of the big names in women's tennis are in Auckland this week for the ASB Classic.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags: tennis, ASB Classic
Duration: 4'00"
07:47
Inside an infant formula plant
BODY:
New Zealand's infant formula industry has been heavily in the public eye because of major security scares like Fonterra's 2013 botulism false alarm and last year's 1080-poisoning threat.
Topics: health
Regions: Otago
Tags: infant formula
Duration: 7'15"
07:55
Summer movies with Sarah Watt
BODY:
The film reviewer for the Sunday Star Times, Sarah Watt, is here to talk summer movies.
Topics: arts
Regions:
Tags: films
Duration: 4'51"
08:07
Sports News for 4 January 2016
BODY:
An update from the team at RNZ Sport.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 3'40"
08:14
Mass executions in Saudi Arabia over weekend
BODY:
Saudi Arabia conducted more than 150 executions last year.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: Saudi Arabia
Duration: 3'45"
08:18
Taranaki Energy Watch unsurprised by allegations
BODY:
Origin Energy intends to vigorously defend itself in court, against allegations it's covering up gas field leaks and spills.
Topics: energy
Regions: Taranaki
Tags: Origin Energy
Duration: 2'59"
08:21
Trump in jihadist video
BODY:
The property tycoon Donald Trump has today defended his call for a ban on Muslims entering the US after it was used in a propaganda video by the Somali militant group al-Shabab.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: Donald Trump, USA
Duration: 7'16"
08:28
Markets Update for 4 January 2016
BODY:
A brief update of movements in the financial sector.
Topics: business, economy
Regions:
Tags: markets
Duration: 27"
08:33
Auckland Airport's drug testing team
BODY:
Customs says Auckland Airport's on-site scientists are cutting the time it takes to test suspected drugs that have been confiscated from weeks to days, and are helping speed up prosecutions and police investigations.
Topics:
Regions: Auckland Region
Tags: drugs, Auckland Airport
Duration: 4'26"
08:37
Wairarapa Eco Farm
BODY:
At the Wairarapa Eco Farm weeds are welcome and so are visitors who want to come and see how the farm works. The organic farm, which is run using the community supported agriculture model, allows people to buy shares in the crop and in return receive a box full of vegies every week, but those wanting a piece of the action have to take the good with the bad.
Topics: farming, rural
Regions: Wellington Region
Tags: Wairarapa Eco Farm
Duration: 7'22"
08:46
The continuing problem of Islamic State
BODY:
Now we continue our series where we try to get a better understanding of some of the big international conflicts. I talked to Professor Robert Patman, head of international relations at Otago University, about Islamic State.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: Islamic State, IS
Duration: 5'38"
08:55
Long John Knickers and his ukelele
BODY:
It is a Friday night in New Brighton in the eastern suburbs of Christchurch, and a crowd is starting to gather at a small cafe on a side street at the shopping area.
Topics:
Regions: Canterbury
Tags: Long John Knickers
Duration: 3'04"
=SHOW NOTES=
===9:06 AM. | Summer Noelle===
=DESCRIPTION=
A holiday season of interviews, features, music and stories from all over New Zealand and around the world, with your host Noelle McCarthy
=AUDIO=
09:08
Henry Marsh
BODY:
Renowned brain surgeon talks about his book Do No Harm.
Topics: author interview
Regions:
Tags: Henry Marsh
Duration: 33'48"
09:46
Donna Field
BODY:
Our correspondent in Australia talks about the big stories across the Tasman.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags: Australia
Duration: 13'28"
10:08
Dave Dobbyn on his hit song 'Welcome Home'
BODY:
Talks to Noelle in our How We Did It series on creating the hit song Welcome Home.
EXTENDED BODY:
Dave Dobbyn tells Noelle MCarthy about creating the classic New Zealand song Welcome Home – famously played after the New Zealand victims were brought home from the Air New Zealand crash in Perpignan.
This is part of Summer Noelle's How We Did It series.
Topics: music
Regions:
Tags: Dave Dobbyn
Duration: 27'19"
10:35
Todd Niall
BODY:
RNZ's own talented reporter and presenter chooses the Road of the Day.
Topics: transport
Regions:
Tags: roads
Duration: 5'08"
10:45
Professor Vic Arcus
BODY:
Talks about science in the series Life Matters.
EXTENDED BODY:
Professor Vic Arcus talks about science in the series Life Matters.
Topics: science
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 14'18"
11:07
Georgia Hines
BODY:
From AUT has produced today's student documentary looking at friendship
Topics: education, media
Regions:
Tags: student documentary
Duration: 10'52"
11:18
Tainui Stephens
BODY:
Talks about his all time favourite movie for the Classic Film Club.
Topics: arts
Regions:
Tags: films
Duration: 10'47"
11:29
Kate De Goldi
BODY:
Talks to Noelle about her musical choices in Songs of a Life.
Topics: music
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 30'47"
=SHOW NOTES=
09:07 Henry Marsh
Henry Marsh is a brain surgeon. He is also a best selling author. Books about brain surgery are not usually best sellers, in fact there aren't a lot of books by brain surgeons. Which makes Henry Marsh's "Do No Harm" all the more surprising, and impressive an accomplishment. British Prime Minister David Cameron is among the many people singing its praises, he said he's lent the book to friends and colleagues. Interest in the life and work of Henry Marsh shows no sign of subsiding he's the subject of a lengthy profile in the NY Times recently, by fellow bestselling author, the Norwegian, Karl Ove Knausgard. Henry Marsh is coming here in March, to speak at Writers Week as part of the the NZ Festival. In "Do Not Harm" he writes about several surgeries that he performed that went terribly wrong... leading to the deaths of some patients, and the permanent disfigurement of others. Noelle talks to Dr Marsh on about the book and if it came out of a sense of obligation to 'bear witness' to those past mistakes
[image:54837:half]
09:45 Australia correspondent Donna Field
On the horrific random attack on a Brisbane teenager which has left him fighting for his life. She also covers the storms in Victoria and the massive scout jamboree near Sydney.
10:10 Dave Dobbyn
How We Did It series talking about making the song Welcome Home. The 2006 song was inspired by anti-racism marches in Christchurch.
10:25 Todd Niall
RNZ's own senior reporter and presenter, chooses the Road of the Day today.
10:50 Professor Vic Arcus
Life Matters, a closer look at the world of science.
[image:56804:half]
11:10 Georgia Hines
AUT student documentary on friendship.
11:25 Kate De Goldi
with Songs of a Life choices today.
11:50 Tainui Stephens
Talks about his all-time favourite flick in the Classic Film Club.
=PLAYLIST=
ARTIST: The Shins
TITLE: New Slang
COMP: Mercer, Shins
ALBUM: Oh, Inverted World
LABEL: Spunk
ARTIST: Dave Dobbyn
TITLE: Welcome Home
COMP: Dobbyn
ALBUM: Available Light
LABEL: Sony
ARTIST: Kasey Musgrave
TITLE: Dime Store Cowgirl
COMP: Musgraves, Laird, McAnally
ALBUM: Pagent Material
LABEL: Mercury
ARTIST: Beniamino Gigli
TITLE: Santa Lucia
COMP: Cottrau
ALBUM: Beniamino Gigli - Songs 1949-1952
LABEL: Testament
ARTIST: Elvis Presley
TITLE: American Trilogy
COMP: Newbury
ALBUM: As Recorded at Madison Square Garden
LABEL: MCA
ARTIST: Elizabeth Schwartzkopf
TITLE: Winterweihe
COMP: Strauss
ALBUM: n/a
LABEL: n/a
===Noon | Midday Report===
=DESCRIPTION=
A round-up of today's news and sports, including:
=AUDIO=
12:00
Midday News for 4 January 2016
BODY:
Tensions ramp up in the Gulf over Saudi execution of Shia sheikh.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 8'05"
12:08
Midday Sports News for 4 January 2016
BODY:
Scotland's Gary Anderson has become just the fifth man to retain his Darts World Championshipt title by defeating Englishman Adrian Lewis 7-5 in this morning's final in London.
Topics: sport
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 2'20"
=SHOW NOTES=
===12:12 PM. | Worldwatch===
=DESCRIPTION=
The stories behind the international headlines
===12:30 PM. | Matinee Idle===
=DESCRIPTION=
Phil O'Brien and Simon Morris present an afternoon of alleged music and dubious entertainment, including
=AUDIO=
=SHOW NOTES=
Matinee Idle Playlist, 04/01/2016
12 - 1 pm
12:36
Artist: Sir Douglas Quintet
Title: The Rains Came
Composer: Freddie Fender
Album: She's About a Mover - The Best of Crazy Cajun Recording
Label: Edsel
12:39
Artist: The Divine Comedy
Title: Bang Goes the Knighthood
Composer: Neil Hannon
Album: Bang Goes the Knighthood
Label: DCR
12:43
Artist: Bobby Bland
Title: I Pity the Fool
Composer: Two Steps from the Blues
Album: Deadric Malone
Label: Duke/MCA
12:46
Artist: Kaiser Chiefs
Title: Everyday I love You Less and Less
Composer: Wilson, White, Rix, Baines, Hodgson
Album: Employment
Label: Universal
12:50
Artist: 48th Collective
Title: Shine On, You Crazy Diamond
Composer: Gilmour, Waters, Wright
Album: Maximum Smooth Jazz
Label: 48th Collective
12:54
Artist: Cream
Title: I Feel Free
Composer: Bruce, Brown
Album: The Very Best of Cream
Label: Polydor
12:57
Artist: The Pretty Things
Title: Rosalyn
Composer: Duncan, Farley
Album: The Pretty Things
Label: Sundazed
1 - 2 pm
1:06
Artist: John Fogerty
Title: Train of Fools
Composer: John Fogerty
Album: Wrote a Song for Everyone
Label: Vanguard
1:11
Artist: Go West
Title: We Close Our Eyes
Composer: Cox, Drummie
Album: The Ultimate Office Party Album
Label: EMI
1:16
Artist: Pink Turtle
Title: Don't Stop
Composer: Christine McVie
Album: A la Mode
Label: Fremeaux
1:20
Artist: John Lee Hooker
Title: Frisco Blues
Composer: John Lee Hooker
Album: Boom Boom
Label: Tring
1:24
Artist: John Cougar Mellencamp
Title: Jack and Diane
Composer: John Cougar Mellencamp
Album: American Fool
Label: Mercury
1:29
Artist: The Shirelles
Title: Foolish Little Girl
Composer: Miller, Greenfield
Album: 25 All-Time Greatest Hits
Label: Varese Saraband
1:32
Artist: Heart
Title: Crazy on You
Composer: Ann & Nancy Wilson
Album: Dreamboat Annie
Label: Capitol
1:38
Artist: The Ramones
Title: Cretin Hop
Composer: The Ramones
Album: Ramones Mania
Label: Sire
1:40
Artist: The Rolling Stones
Title: Fool to Cry
Composer: Jagger, Richards
Album: Black and Blue
Label: Rolling Stones Records
1:47
Artist: Sailor
Title: One Drink Too Many
Composer: Georg Kajanus
Album: Treasure Trove - Anthology 1975-2005
Label: Angel Air
1:51
Artist: Dickey Lee
Title: Laurie (Strange Things Happen)
Composer: Milton C. Addington
Album: Hard to Find 45s on CD, Vol. 6 - More Sixties Classics
Label: Eric
1:56
Artist: Talk Talk
Title: Dum Dum Girl
Composer: Friese-Greene, Hollis
Album: It's My Life
Label: Manhattan
2 - 3
2:04
Artist: Ike & Tina Turner
Title: A Fool in Love
Composer: Ike Turner
Album: The Soul of Ike & Tina Turner
Label: Collectables
2:07
Artist: Linsey Lohan
Title: Frankie and Johnnie
Composer: Traditional
Album: A Prairie Home Companion
Label: Silva Screen
2:12
Artist: Dion & The Belmonts
Title: Life is But a Dream
Composer: Cita, Weiss, Weiss
Album: Runaround Sue
Label: Laurie
2:16
Artist: Meshell Ndegeocello
Title: Mary Magdalene
Composer: Meshell Ndegeocello
Album: Peace Beyond Passion
Label: Maverick
2:21
Artist: Joe Perkins
Title: Little Eefin Annie
Composer: B.B. Moore
Album: Hey, Look What I Found, Vol. 5
Label: City Hall/Mavis
2:25
Artist: The Stranglers
Title: Death and Night and Blood
Composer: The Stranglers, Yukio
Album: Black and White
Label: A&M
2:29
Artist: Jimmy Barnes
Title: Chain of Fools
Composer: Don Covay
Album: Soul Deeper ...Songs from the Deep South
Label: Warner
2:34
Artist: Mary Black
Title: Might as Well Be a Slave
Composer: Noel Brazil
Album: Babes in the Wood
Label: Dara
2:37
Artist: Johnny Society
Title: Mr. Richland's Favourite Song
Composer: Harry Nilsson
Album: This is the Town - A Tribute to Nilsson, Vol. 1
Label: Royal Potato
2:44
Artist: Louis Jordan
Title: If You're So Smart, How Come You Ain't Rich?
Composer: Norman, Friedman, Bishop
Album: Theme Time Radio Hour, With Your Host, Bob Dylan
Label: Ace
2:47
Artist: Bill Haley
Title: Rock Around the Clock
Composer: Freedman, Myers
Album: This is Remixed Hits
Label: Hypnotic
2:53
Artist: Arcade Fire
Title: Neighborhood 1 Tunnels
Composer: Arcade Fire
Album: Funeral
Label: Merge
2:57
Artist: Led Zeppelin
Title: Stairway to Heaven
Composer: Page, Plant
Album: Led Zeppelin IV
Label: Atlantic
3 - 4 pm
(3pm Feature - Jon Toogood In Session)
3:34
Artist: The Main Ingredient
Title: Everybody Plays the Fool
Composer: Bailey, Clark, Williams
Album: A Quiet Storm
Label: RCA
3:42
Artist: The Beach Boys
Title: Walk on By
Composer: Bacharach, David
Album: Covered by The Beach Boys
Label: American Beat
3:43
Artist: Cee Lo Green, Daryl Hall
Title: Crazy
Composer: Burton, Callaway, Reverberi, Reverbi
Album: (N/A)
Label: (N/A)
3:47
Artist: Patsy Cline
Title: Crazy
Composer: Willie Nelson
Album: Patsy Cline - Showcase
Label: Labelle
3:51
Artist: Cupid's Inspiration
Title: My World
Composer: Kerr, Felton
Album: (Single)
Label: NEMS
3:55
Artist: Tommy Emmanuel
Title: Guitar Boogie
Composer: Tommy Emmanuel
Album: Dare to be Different
Label: Mega
3:59
Artist: Kitty, Daisy & Lewis
Title: Swinging Hawaii
Composer: L. Durham
Album: Kitty, Daisy & Lewis
Label: PIAS
4 - 5 pm
4:04
Artist: Tami Neilson
Title: Loco Mama
Composer: Tami Neilson
Album: Don't Be Afraid
Label: Southbound
4:08
Artist: The Portsmouth Sinfonia
Title: The William Tell Overture
Composer: Rossini
Album: Hallelujah - Live at the Royal Albert Hall 1974
Label: Antilles
4:13
Artist: James McMurtry
Title: Copper Canteen
Composer: James McMurtry
Album: Complicated Game
Label: Blue Rose
4:18
Artist: James Brown
Title: Cold Sweat
Composer: James Brown, Alfred Ellis
Album: Cold Sweat
Label: Universal
4:22
Artist: Aimee Mann
Title: You're With Stupid Now
Composer: Aimee Mann
Album: Ultimate Collection
Label: Hip-O
4:26
Artist: The Wurzels
Title: Common People
Composer: Banks, Cocker, Doyle, Mackey, Senior
Album: A Load More Bullocks
Label: C.I.A.
4:33
Artist: Cilla Black
Title: I've Been Wrong Before
Composer: Randy Newman
Album: Completely Cilla - 1963-1973
Label: EMI
4:36
Artist: Joni Mitchell
Title: Twisted
Composer: Joni Mitchell
Album: Court and Spark
Label: Asylum
4:41
Artist: Sweet
Title: Wigwam Bam
Composer: Chapman, Chinn
Album: The BEst of The Sweet
Label: Capitol
4:44
Artist: Wilbert Harrison
Title: Let's Stick Together
Composer: Wilbert Harrison
Album: Lovin' Operator
Label: Charly
4:51
Artist: Prefab Sprout
Title: Faron Young
Composer: Paddy McAloon
Album: Two Wheels Good
Label: Epic
4:54
Artist: Stereo Total
Title: Movie Star
Composer: Harpo
Album: Oh Ah!
Label: Peace95
4:56
Artist: A Taste of Honey
Title: Sukiyaki
Composer: Ei, Nakamura
Album: Twice as Sweet
Label: Capitol
===5:00 PM. | Five O'clock Report===
=DESCRIPTION=
Sharon Brettkelly presents an hour of current affairs from the RNZ News team
=AUDIO=
17:10
Canyoner's body recovered in the Thames Valley
BODY:
A canyoner's body has been recovered from a steep gorge in the Thames Valley in a long and difficult operation.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 5'04"
17:15
Three days of surcharges
BODY:
Holiday trips to a cafe or restaurant could be extra expensive this year, with some people facing a triple-whammy of holiday surcharges because of the way public holidays fall.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 2'36"
17:22
Police disappointed with speeding mother
BODY:
A mother who was pulled over for speeding, had a child sprawled across her lap and another child lying unrestrained in the front passenger seat. In a post on the Waikato Road Policing Facebook page, the police have described it as heart wrenching and extremely disappointing.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 3'26"
17:26
ASB tennis classic
BODY:
Some of the big names in world tennis have been in action in Auckland today on day one of the women's ASB classic.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 3'35"
17:35
Shoppers go on big December spending spree
BODY:
Shoppers went on a big spending spree in December, with low interest rates and cheaper petrol putting more money in people's pockets. Latest figures from Paymark, which measures credit and debit card use, shows spending grew by nearly eight percent from December 2014.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 3'48"
17:39
Restrictions preventing NZ's poorest from quitting tobacco
BODY:
Some tobacco researchers say restrictions on e-cigarettes containing nicotine are preventing New Zealand's poorest from giving up tobacco.
Topics: health, inequality, te ao Maori
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 4'27"
17:44
Crisis not over for North Canterbury farmers
BODY:
Desperately needed rain has finally come to drought hit farms in North Canterbury but the crisis is not over. The surprise downfall at the weekend is a relief to farmers, some of whom were facing a summer with no pasture or crops.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 4'43"
17:49
Complacency and lack of swim sense costing lives
BODY:
Surf Life Saving NZ says its not a lack of swimming lessons that is killing people on our beaches but complacency and a lack of swim sense. Nine people have drowned in New Zealand this holiday period - six of them at beaches. That compares with eight for the entire summer last year, from Labour Weekend to Easter.
Topics:
Regions:
Tags:
Duration: 5'19"
17:55
Hobbiton film set in Matamata reaches peak
BODY:
The Hobbiton film set in Matamata is expected to be so busy this year, tourists will be turned away, with management there saying the movie tour has reached its potential.
Topics: arts, life and society
Regions:
Tags: film
Duration: 6'06"
=SHOW NOTES=
===6:06 PM. | Great Encounters===
=DESCRIPTION=
Memorable exchanges with RNZ guests during the past year (RNZ)
===7:06 PM. | TED Radio Hour===
=DESCRIPTION=
===8:06 PM. | Windows On The World===
=DESCRIPTION=
International public radio features and documentaries
===9:06 PM. | Our Changing World===
=DESCRIPTION=
Highlights from the world of science and the environment, with Alison Balance and Veronika Meduna
=AUDIO=
21:20
Expedition to Subantarctic Antipodes Island
BODY:
Alison Ballance joins a DoC expedition to remote Antipodes Island, and discovers its strange - and noisy - inhabitants
EXTENDED BODY:
By Alison Ballance
It's wind-swept, storm-lashed, hard to get to and difficult to walk around on, but uninhabited Antipodes Island is a remarkable gem. Its parakeets hang out with penguins, it's the only place in the world where Antipodean wandering albatrosses breed, it's home to hundreds of thousands of seabirds, and it's a stronghold for erect-crested penguins. If it wasn't for the mice it would be perfect. But an ambitious project - lead by the Department of Conservation, the Million Dollar Mouse project and WWF - is underway to rid Antipodes Island of its unwanted rodents, and the first advance parties are already heading there to make sure everything is set up.
More than 800 kilometres from mainland New Zealand, Antipodes Island is the most remote of New Zealand's five subantarctic island groups. Mice have been on the island for 100 or so years. They probably arrived accidentally, along with sealers or ship-wrecked sailors. There have been three wrecks on the island, although in both the early cases the marooned sailors were rescued. The old Government castaway depot, built in the late 1800s to provide shelter for such emergencies, still stands.
In January 2014 the castaway depot was pressed into service for albatross researchers Kath Walker and Graeme Elliott. Arriving for their annual breeding census of wandering albatrosses they discovered that the research hut had been knocked off its piles, shunted 20 metres and swung through 90 degrees by a large debris slip which had come down from the hill behind. Large amounts of vegetation, peat and the hut's water tank had slid over the cliff into the sea. The slip was just one of many slips, covering 15% of the island's area, that had occurred following a very heavy rain event sometime in early January. Judging by old slip scars, major slip events like this are a common event on the peat covered island, which has no trees but rather a tussock, fern and megaherb dominated vegetation growing on a thick layer of peat that is much undermined by seabird burrows.
The hut is of key importance for the mouse eradication - planned for winter 2016 - necessitating urgent and extensive repair work. The hut was stabilised and made watertight by the Navy when they visited the island to pick up Kath and Graeme, who had begun the task of digging peat away from the hut and diverting water. In August 2014 an expedition headed to the island with building materials in an effort to rebuild it, but they were unable to land for more than a week due to strong winds and high seas. They eventually got the material ashore, but were unable to make much headway on the repair job.
In mid-October, Alison Ballance joined a spring expedition to the island which had two main tasks: re-pile and rebuild the hut, and re-survey the penguin colonies, which appeared to have been significantly affected by the slips.
The erect-crested and rockhopper penguin colonies which ring the island's coast numbered about 40,000 breeding pairs when they were counted in a ground survey in 2011. The intention is to resurvey the penguins every five years, but it was decided to resurvey them earlier to quantify the damage caused by the slips. The 5-yearly census was begun to monitor long-term population trends, as there have been significant declines in penguin numbers since occasional surveys began in the 1970s. Judging by photos, many previously large colonies have shrunk significantly in area.
The results from the 2014 spring count, which was timed to coincide with the incubation period of the erect-crested penguins, showed an overall decline in breeding pairs of 19% compared to 2011. Colonies that weren't affected by slips had declined by 13%, while slip-affected colonies were down by 24%. Numbers of breeding penguins vary between years, so it is too soon to say yet whether the downward trend is a long-term one, but it is clear that the slips have had a short term impact on penguin numbers.
Out of 89 nests that were check in the Antipodean wandering albatross study area, there were 26 failed nests. Sixty three chicks were banded; this is low compared to the early years of the study, but quite good for the last couple of years. The researchers don’t know why the population has dropped so much – it may be something to do with food supplies out in the ocean.
2000-hectare Antipodes Island is a National Nature Reserve and a World Heritage Site. The Antipodes Island mouse eradication is scheduled for the winter of 2016, and is a joint project of the Department of Conservation, the Million Dollar Mouse project and WWF.
The spring expedition travelled to and from Antipodes Island on the 25-metre yacht Evohe, skippered by Steve Kafka. Expedition members (left to right in photo above): Jo Hiscock, Brian Rance, Dan Lee, Denise Fastier, Geoff Woodhouse, Kathryn Pemberton, Cullum Boleyn, Andy Turner, Alison Ballance and Mark Le Lievere.
A sister story on the expedition's visit to the Bounty Islands will air on 19 February 2015.
The following subantarctic stories have featured on Our Changing World previously:
The loneliest tree on Campbell Island
Veronika Meduna joins a scientific expedition to Auckland and Campbell islands
Alison Ballance joins an expedition to the Auckland Islands to count yellow-eyed penguins
Kath Walker and Graeme Elliott have been studying Gibson's wandering albatrosses on Adams Island since 1991
Alison Ballance bands Gibson’s wandering albatrosses, and hears from Kath Walker and Graeme Elliott how populations of the two New Zealand wandering albatross species have declined by 50% in the last 10 years.
Listen to Expedition to Subantarctic Antipodes Island or download a podcast below
Topics: environment
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Tags: World Heritage Site, National Nature Reserve, subantarctic, islands, conservation, mice, penguins, albatross, elephant seals, Antipodes Island, Bollons Island
Duration: 36'53"
21:06
Black Petrels - New Zealand's Most At-Risk Seabird
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Black petrels are a common sight at sea in the Hauraki Gulf, and are at risk from being accidentally caught by recreational and commercial fishers
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By Alison Ballance
“The clackers stand outside their burrows and call at the top of their lungs trying to attract a female in. They’re single males, so they’re trying to attract a new girlfriend. At the moment we call them the ‘Desperate Dans’, because it’s near the end of the [breeding] season and they’re still trying to get a girlfriend.” Seabird researcher Biz (Elizabeth) Bell.
Black petrels (which are also called Parkinson’s petrels) are a familiar seabird sight in the outer Hauraki Gulf. But although they’re a very visible bird, they‘re listed as nationally vulnerable, and are recognised as being the seabird most at risk from commercial fishing. There are just 2500 breeding pairs of black petrels, and their total population, according to Biz Bell from Wildlife Management International, is somewhere between 11,000 and 21,000 birds. Biz says the population most likely numbers about 15,000, which includes young birds and non-breeders (black petrels don’t usually begin breeding until they are 4-5 years old).
The single ‘clacking’ males begin their efforts to attract a mate in October, and they may carry on through until the end of February. During that time they call every night for most of the might. They have cleaned out a nesting burrow, which is excavated underground amongst the roots of trees, which they hope will meet the approval of a female attracted by the sound of their clacking.
In late summer, the other night-time sounds on the high slopes of Great Barrier Island’s Hirakimata/Mount Hobson, according to Biz, are “lovers. A male has managed to get hold of a female, and they’re canoodling n the burrow, basically, getting to know each other, pair-bonding and getting ready to pair up the following year to breed.”
Meantime, early February is also when this year’s black petrel chicks are just starting to hatch. With so much black petrel activity happening, February is a key time of the year for Biz Bell, who visits the black petrel colony for up to three weeks to monitor hatching success in the 427 study burrows, look for new burrows and band any unbanded birds.
Biz has been studying the birds since 1995, and the annual February trip is one of three trips she makes to the colonies on Great Barrier Island and Hauturu/Little Barrier Island each year. In those 19 years she has banded more than 2000 adult birds, and 2500 chicks. Only 204 of those banded chicks have returned to the colony, and Biz says this low survival rate of less than 10% does not bode well for the future of the species and is something they are working to change.
Although rats and feral cats predate on chicks and adult birds on land, the main threat to black petrels comes from both commercial and recreational fishers in the outer Hauraki Gulf, which is a key feeding area for the birds when they are feeding chicks. The petrels are an accidental by-catch, which are attracted by bait and become hooked on fishing lines.
“Unfortunately the population is showing a slight decline. [But] we’re hoping we can change that around and as more people understand the risks to these birds we can help mitigate those risks.”
Biz is working with the Southern Seabird Solutions Trust, which is working with commercial fishers to find ways of preventing black petrels getting caught on fishing lines. Each year Biz hosts a number of fishers at the Mount Hobson research site, introducing them to the birds on land, and getting them used to gently handling birds, in case they need to remove birds from fishing gear at sea.
Once common all over the North Island and the top of the South Island, the stronghold for black petrels today is Mount Hobson on Great Barrier Island, with a small population on Hauturu/Little Barrier Island, and a few birds breeding in sanctuaries such as Windy Hill and Glenfern on Great Barrier Island.
Black petrels are long-lived – there are birds that were banded more than 30 years ago that are still breeding in the colony – and Biz says this reinforces the fact that to fully understand a species you need to study it for at least the duration of its life.
Luckily for the birds, even after 19 years, Biz is as enthusiastic as ever about black petrels.
“These birds are magic," says Biz. "Season 19, and I’ll keep doing it to 90 if I can. These birds are just incredible.”
You can find more stories about New Zealand seabirds in the Our Changing World bird collection.
According to the MPI web site ‘the National Plan of Action - Seabirds 2013 recognises New Zealand’s unique place in the world for seabirds and our desire to be at the leading edge of international seabird conservation.’
In a recent Our Changing World interview, Edward Abraham and Finlay Macdonald from Dragonfly Science talked with Alison Ballance about Analysing Seabird By-Catch in Fisheries and discussed how a recent analysis has highlighted a significant problem with by-catch of Parkinson’s black petrels in the Hauraki Gulf snapper fishery.
You'll find the audio links for the story 'Black petrels - New Zealand's most at-risk seabird' below:
Topics: environment
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Tags: seabirds, black petrel, fishing, fishery by-catch, endangered species, Great Barrier Island, Hauraki Gulf
Duration: 29'07"
21:34
Flower of the Underworld - A Parasitic Treasure
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New Zealand's most unusual flowering plant has a strong connection with a rare nocturnal mammal - and both are thriving in the forests of Pureora
http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/ourchangingworld/audio/201756718/short-tailed-bats-and-a-conservation-dilemma
http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/ourchangingworld/audio/201755898/flower-of-the-underworld-a-parasitic-treasure
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By Alison Ballance
“There’s something interesting and mysterious about the plants. There’s also something addictive about them.”
David Mudge, Nga Manu Trust
“Dactylanthus is a fully parasitic plant, a flowering plant – and without the flowers we wouldn’t actually be able to find it. It looks like a warty tuber, attached to the roots of native trees, and it’s the only one of its kind. It only lives in New Zealand, and is very unique on many levels.”
Avi Holzapfel, Department of Conservation
In early autumn, the regenerating forest that borders parts of Pureroa Forest, on the western shores of Lake Taupo, is redolent with a musky, fruity fragrance. Photographer David Mudge, from the Nga Manu Trust, says the smell reminds him of a honey shed, while botanist Avi Holzapfel from the Department of Conservation says that to him it’s a cross between over-ripe fig and rock melon. It’s a very distinctive aroma, one that is as distinctive as the plant itself.
Maori know it as pua o te reinga, ‘flower of the underworld’ and waewae atua, ‘toes or fingers of gods’. Botanists call it Dactylanthus taylorii. It’s also known as the Flower of Hades, and as the wood rose (although read on to discover why this name doesn’t actually refer to the plant itself). Dactylanthus is a fully parasitic native flowering plant – it is a root parasite that relies on its host for all its water and nutrients, unlike other native plants such as the mistletoe, which is a hemiparasite with green leaves that are capable of photosynthesising. It does not harm its host in any way. “When the host dies,” says Avi, “or the root gets damaged, then the Dactylanthus will die as well.”
Dactylanthus has a unique relationship with an unusual pollinator. When it flowers for just two to three weeks in early autumn its musky scent attracts short-tailed bats, which come down to the ground to drink the copious nectar and spread its pollen, which it produces in generous quantities. Chris Ecroyd was the first to discover this relationship between parasite and bat, more than 25 years ago, but over the last five years David Mudge’s remarkable photographs have been casting more light on the unlikely duo, and he says that a bat feeding on the nectar at the base of the flowers ends up with a “face covered in white, as if a child’s been in a bowl of icing sugar.”
David sets up elaborate camera traps over patches of flowering Dactylanthus – each trap might have two to four cameras involved, as well as sensors and flash lights, and they are powered by large camera batteries that need to be replaced every week or two. Some of his camera traps are movement triggered, while others operate in time lapse mode, taking photos every few minutes and allowing David to follow the flowers as they bloom and then fade. The time lapse video (above) was taken by David over a few days, and shows a group of flowers blooming and then dying off - of particular note are the large numbers of different insects visiting the plant.
David says the reason he goes to such efforts to document the plant and its life is that he is a curious person, and also that he knew that “there was much more going on with the plant than I was aware of.” He has photographed bats, rats, possums, hedgehogs, birds, wasps, many weta, land snails and a whole variety of insects visiting Dactylanthus flowers.
David has even been able to document the plant’s rich nectar production – watch the video below to see the nectar oozing from the base of the inflorescence.
“A single tuber, with about 40 inflorescences, will produce half to a full cup of nectar over its 10-day flowering period,” says Avi. “That means many litres of nectar are produced in quite small areas of forest.” The nectar contains a mammalian pheromone, squalene, which explains why it is so attractive not only to the bat but to species such as the brush-tailed possum. Waikato University chemistry student Connor Haisley is currently analysing nectar collected from male and female flowers during this year’s flowering season to find out what else it contains.
What most of us would call the ‘flowers’ of Dactylanthus are actually inflorescences: the protea-like ‘flower head’ is actually made up of about 3500 flowers, each just a millimetre-or-so across, arranged on finger-like spadices, which a non-botanist might think were the petals. A sunflower is another example of an inflorescence.
The actual Dactylanthus plant is a warty underground tuber that can grow to the size of a large basketball. The plant begins life as tiny seed, one of thousands produced by a single inflorescence. That seed germinates and waits for the root of a preferred host tree to grow past it. If that happens the seed’s radicle establishes an intimate relationship with the root, but doesn’t actually penetrate it. In response, the root develops a flared surface that the tuber fits around, like a bottle-top fitting around a bottle. It is the distinctive shape of the roots that are the ‘wood roses’, which for many years were collected as curios, and passed down as family heirlooms.
Avi thinks individual Dactylanthus plants may live for 20 to 50 years, and that a population might live in an area of regenerating forest for about a hundred years while it is populated with tree species such as mahoe and five finger. But as the forest reaches a climax stage and the larger podocarps begin to take over, then the Dactylanthus population in that area will die out. “As long as the host trees are there, Dactylanthus will be there as well”, says Avi. Waikato University student Cass Parker has been identifying which species of trees in particular are the host trees at Pureora, and her preliminary work suggests that Pseudopanax is the main host.
Dactylanthus is vulnerable to damage by a range of introduced species. Possums are attracted over great distances by the smell of the nectar, which is why the Department of Conservation traps year-round at Pureora, explains DoC ranger Thomas Emmitt. David Mudge says possums eat out the centre of male flowers “like a kid eating the ice cream out of a cone.” Wasps, on the other hand, sometimes drill through the base of the flower to get to the nectar, or else completely dismember the flower. The conservation status of Dactylanthus is 'threatened - nationally vulnerable.'
Avi has undertaken sowing trials, and has managed to successfully establish Dactylanthus at new sites. Avi, David and Thomas all agree that it would be relatively easy to incorporate Dactylanthus into revegetation schemes, provided the appropriate host species are planted. David points out that Dactylanthus spreads downhill along small waterways and seepages, and this could be taken into account in any planting schemes. Avi’s experience shows that newly seeded plants produce many female flowers, which produce a large seed set and can quickly establish a new population – ‘sort of like an upside-down Ponzi scheme’ says Avi laughingly, with one plant quickly giving rise to many more.
“We’re not just seeding a generation now, but we’re planning for the future,” says David.
Dactylanthus was once widespread across the North and South Islands. The oldest Dactylanthus pollen dates back 28 million years, and it has been found in kakapo coprolites, or fossilised droppings. Today, Pureora and Little Barrier Island are the plant’s strongholds, with other significant populations in Northland and East Cape. There are also quite a few small remnant populations, of ‘grandmother and grandfather plants', that produce a few male plants but are heavily browed by possums and are not likely to last much longer.
Dactylanthus is the most southerly occurring member of the largely tropical family Balanophoraceae. One of the Top 10 New Species for 2015 is the related Balanophora coralliformes, described from the Philippines by University of Canterbury’s Pieter Pelser and Julie Barcelona.
Topics: science, environment
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Tags: Dactylanthus, Flower of Hades, pua o te reinga, waewae atua, flowering plants, short-tailed bat, parasitic plants, ecology, Pureora Forest, wood rose, conservation, pollination, possums
Duration: 30'11"
21:20
Mission Complete: New Zealand's first ocean glider takes to the seas
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NIWA oceanographers retrieve an autonomous ocean glider after a successful two-week deployment to explore physical and biological properties of the ocean.
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by Veronika Meduna
We look in the sky and we see different cloud patterns on a different day and that’s what the ocean looks like, but we just don’t have the same amount of data to know what that variability is.
Joanne O'Callaghan, NIWA
Following a successful two-week deployment off the coast of the North Island, oceanographers were happy to see Manaia back aboard ship. The state-of-the-art ocean research glider, named in a public competition after the motif often carved into the figureheads of sea-going waka to give spiritual direction to the waka’s journey – is one of about 500 around the world, but the first and only one in New Zealand.
Joanne O’Callaghan, a coastal oceanographer with the National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research, says the autonomous vehicle can be programmed and navigated from her laptop, where she also receives a signal each time it returns to the surface.
During its fortnight at sea, the glider travelled 500 kilometres, yo-yoing between the surface and a pre-programmed water depth and collecting data on temperature, salinity, oxygen levels and turbidity. It was set to call back every two hours to transmit the data – which was “exciting and nerve-racking” for the team. “It was amazing how quickly I got into the two-hour routine, day and night. It was a bit like waiting for a teenager to come home at night,” says Joanne.
Just like drones are increasingly used in land-based research, autonomous underwater vehicles, or AUVs, help researchers to collect continuous and multiple data sets over an extended period of time. Manaia’s focus will be on the waters above the continental shelf, in depths of a few hundred metres, which are not covered by any other technologies.
The key things we are trying to learn about is what the structure of the ocean looks like below the surface. We’ve had satellites circulating and giving us global maps of sea surface properties, but what we’re trying to understand from these sorts of technologies is what’s below the surface.
The glider carries a number of sensors to measure physical and biological properties, including one that measures fluorescence as a way of monitoring phytoplankton in the water column. “If we can tie them all back together we get an understanding of the biophysical coupling of ocean ecosystems, which has implications for understanding the food chain.”
Unlike powered submarines, the glider does not use a propeller to move through the water. It is driven by a buoyancy engine which allows it to glide up or down in the ocean. Its wings convert vertical displacement into horizontal motion, resulting in a saw-tooth dive pattern, at a speed of about half a knot.
Later this year, the glider will be deployed again to explore the North-East Shelf of the North Island, between the Hauraki Gulf in the north and East Cape-Poverty Bay in the south.
The aim of this research programme is to understand how boundary currents and upwelling influence coastal productivity, biogeochemistry and ecosystem connectivity. The team has already anchored eight moorings to the seafloor that will stay in position for a year to collect information on the ocean’s flow and stratification, together with sediment traps that collect falling marine particles. The moorings will provide insights into how nutrients are formed and transferred between the ocean surface and the deep ocean. Manaia’s effort will complement the information gathered by the moorings.
Topics: science, environment
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Tags: autonomous underwater vehicle, ocean glider, ocean temperature, salinity, oceanography, NIWA, Manaia
Duration: 12'10"
21:06
Gearhead Granny
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Science communication student Siana Fitzjohn talks with climate activist Rosemary Penwarden about living a low carbon lifestyle and the 'electric-ute' car converted to run on electricity
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With the world’s carbon budget running out and frustrated with an apathetic government, entrepreneurial ‘granny’ turned ‘gearhead’ Rosemary Penwarden has taken matters into her own hands to work towards a zero carbon future. University of Otago science communication student Siana Fitzjohn meets Rosemary to talk about her vision for the future.
Three hundred people attended the 2015 climate change consultation meeting in Dunedin, while 16,000 written submissions pleaded with the New Zealand government to tackle climate change. In spite of this overwhelming response, the New Zealand government has all but ignored their pleas, setting carbon targets that would barely reduce our emissions at all, ignoring the fact that New Zealand remains, per capita, one of the highest emitters of greenhouse gases in the world. And because of this New Zealand communities are now turning to alternative leaders to effect change.
Leading the charge in community climate change action for Dunedin is Rosemary Penwarden, a climate activist who has kick-started a project to reduce Dunedin’s climate emissions. For most people, climate change feels like a big, incomprehensible problem that we can’t do anything about. However, for Rosemary, the issues of climate change are very personal, following the birth of her grandson.
“The most amazing moment of my life was to watch my daughter give birth to my grandson. I know that my grandson will be in the midst of this in 2050, so a lot of what I do now, I do for him,” says Rosemary.
Rosemary’s vision relies on the success and cooperation of communities, to realise our potential to connect with other human beings instead of being trapped by consumerism.
“Have fun together. Ultimately, that’s what matters. It’s not money, it’s people, it’s family, it’s community”.
Rosemary is involved in the Valley Community Workspace nestled in the North East Valley in Dunedin. Over 500 square metres in size, the converted warehouse is laden with the skeletons of Utes, cars and bicycles, all ready for the installation of their new electric motors and batteries.
In the corner of the factory an engine-less Hilux awaits its low-carbon transplant, which will “’electric-ute’ it to life and make it the first communally- owned electric vehicle in the city.
A keen member of the project since its inception is Steve Ward, the man who’s also been behind some electric bike conversion. He sees electric bikes are another alternative form of low carbon transport
“Electric bikes are a game changer,” he says. “Especially in hilly Dunedin”.
The commitment from people like Steve and Rosemary combats the notion that the older generation are apathetic to the plight of climate change. They argue there are lots of advantages that the older generation can bring to projects like this.
“We are at the stage and age where we can devote time,” says Steve.
He says the bottom line is that we need to pledge a commitment to transition to a renewable city. And if the granny can become a gearhead then anyone can do it.
“We can do it. We have the resources, and we have the skills and we have the people here who can make it happen. It’s just adaptation to our new world that were facing,” Rosemary says of a low carbon future.
“When you stand up, it gives you courage, and I want us all to learn that courage”.
After all, this is not just our future but the generations that will follow us.
Topics: science, environment, transport
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Tags: climate activist, electric cars, carbon economy, climate change
Duration: 12'56"
21:20
Coastal erosion: people versus nature
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Science communication student Sam Fraser-Baxter investigates coastal erosion at Dunedin's famous surf beach St Clair, and talks with locals about the ongoing problems
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On May 13 2013 raging seas battered Dunedin’s St Clair beach, and in areas usually filled with visitors and walkers, sink holes large enough to swallow park benches began to appear. Several years later University of Otago science communication student Sam Fraser-Baxter heads to the beach to investigate what’s going on there now.
New Zealand’s coast is an unpredictable and relentless source of energy. Situated between Antarctica and the tropics we are constantly battered by wild seas. But in our desire to live close to the beach and the sea we have fortified ourselves with static, coastal structures, such as the concrete seawall at St Clair.
However, in a world of changing climate and rising sea levels structures such as seawalls are beginning to fail, putting a spotlight on coastal management.
Seawalls work by reflecting wave energy, unlike normal sandy beaches which dissipate wave energy. Seawalls are static, so when waves break on them the water is reflected back out to sea. And those reflected waves transfer sand offshore, which lowers the beach, and reduces the volume of sand over time. Then, as the beach is lowered, larger waves can happen. So the problem perpetuates itself, as the wall becomes subjected to more energy.
“The esplanade wasn’t like this originally, when we moved here 10 years ago,” says local Starfish Café and Bar owner Cushla Sullivan-Dodds.
So what can be done if we still want to live this close to the beach?
“It’s a matter of how you balance the assets against nature,” says University of Otago coastal geomorphologist Wayne Stephenson. “It’s a catch-22 situation, because while there are lots of things you could do to prevent this, no matter what structure you build, it will get damaged and require repairs.”
“Everything we do costs money. It just depends on how much we want to spend”.
Unfortunately, there is nothing unique about the issues surrounding St Clair’s seawall; it is a generic and costly problem of a “static structure in a dynamic environment”. And so the story of St Clair is just a potent reminder of the power of the coast.
Topics: environment, science
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Tags: beaches, erosion, rising sea levels, Dunedin, St Clair beach, surfing
Duration: 13'01"
21:36
Living with Parkinson's disease
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Science communication student Steve Banks talks with clinical neurologist Martin Pollock about living with Parkinson's disease, and with neuroscientist John Reynolds about research into the disease
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Steve Banks is a science communication student at the University of Otago, and in this podcast he’s finding out about Parkinson’s disease. He talks with clinical neurologist Martin Pollock who has Parkinson’s, and with neuroscientist John Reynolds from the University of Otago.
Parkinson’s is a progressive neurological condition that occurs when insufficient quantities of the chemical dopamine are produced by the brain. You can find more information about the disease at Parkinson's New Zealand.
Topics: science, health
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Tags: Parkinson's Disease, health, neurology, neuroscientist
Duration: 13'22"
21:40
Urban wildlife - should we care?
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Wildlife management student Hannah Murdoch investigates the issue of urban wildlife and urban biodiversity
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University of Otago wildlife management student Hannah Murdoch made this podcast for a science communication paper. She investigates the issue of urban biodiversity, by quizzing her flatmates Samantha van der Mespel, Katie Pettengell and Camille Harrison, and talking with University of Otago zoology lecturer Yolanda van Heezik.
Topics: environment, science
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Tags: birds, urban wildlife, parks, gardens, native bush
Duration: 12'36"
21:45
A possum-free Otago Peninsula
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Science communication student Guy Frederick catches up with the Otago Peninsula Biodiversity Group to hear how their plan to get rid of possums on the peninsula is coming along
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Guy Frederick is a science communication student at the University of Otago, and in this podcast he’s finding out about the work of the Otago Peninsula Biodiversity Group to remove possums from the peninsula. He catches up with the group’s project manager Cathy Rufaut, operation’s manager Bruce Kyle and Tomahawk resident Anna Hughes.
We featured the work of the group on Our Changing World in 2014.
Topics: science, environment
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Tags: possums, predator-free, Dunedin, Otago Peninsula, animals, conservation
Duration: 12'11"
=SHOW NOTES=
===9:30 PM. | Insight===
=DESCRIPTION=
===10:00 PM. | Late Edition===
=DESCRIPTION=
The day's best interviews from RNZ National
===10:30 PM. | None (National)===
=DESCRIPTION=
Justin Rowlatt takes a close look at how the global economy works from the perspective of the chemical elements, the basic building blocks of block the universe (BBC)
===11:06 PM. | None (National)===
=DESCRIPTION=
Elena See presents a selection of traditional and contemporary folk, Americana and roots music from classic and new releases, as well as in-studio and live concert recordings. (10 of 13, PRX)